中国智慧文献对H.D.梭罗的影响  

The Influence of Chinese Wisdom Literature on H.D.Thoreau

作　　者：琳达·布朗·霍尔特 生岩岩（译）[2] 程相占（校）[2] 

机构地区：[1]托马斯·爱迪生州立学院,特伦顿美国08608—1176 [2]山东大学文艺美学研究中心,济南中国250100

出　　处：《南阳师范学院学报》2010年第5期72-78,共7页Journal of Nanyang Normal University

摘　　要：有充分的文献材料显示,19世纪美国作家亨利·戴维·梭罗曾一度地热衷于印度古典智慧文献。然而,作为一名自然主义者及环境保护论者,他早期乃至终身都痴迷于中国哲学的事实却鲜为人知。19世纪30年代,在波士顿可以找到中国古典文献的法译本。梭罗就读于哈佛大学时曾热切地阅读了那些法译本。从哈佛毕业后,他仍孜孜不倦地阅读中国古典文献并对孔孟的著作给予了高度评价,他在自己的著作中经常引用此类文献,并将它们从法文译为英文发表在文学杂志《日晷》上。19世纪早期就有大量的中国古典文献涌进美国马萨诸塞州的众多图书馆,法国汉学家J.P.A.雷慕萨出版了一系列关于中国文献的书,这些书当时在有教养的美国人中享有极高的知名度。此外,让-皮埃尔·纪尧姆·鲍狄埃所翻译的大量法译本也在美国广为流传。在梭罗隐居于瓦尔登湖畔之前,他已经有充足的时间去阅读和汲取中国文献的精华。事实上,他的著作大量引用了中国文献。在热衷于鲍狄埃著作的同时,梭罗还大量吸收了流传于新英格兰地区的东方文献的其他版本,包括大卫·科利翻译的《四书》以及乔舒亚·马什曼译著的《孔子的著作》。通过这些研究,这篇论文进一步阐述了这段历史,揭示了中国古代理想、尤其是那些关于自然的思想对于梭罗这位作家和伟人的影响。Nineteenth-century American author Henry David Thoreau＇s interest in the wisdom literature of India is well documented.However,less well known and more germane to his development as a naturalist and environmentalist is his early and lifelong fascination with Chinese philosophy.As French translations from the Chinese became available in Boston in the 1830s,Thoreau eagerly read them while at Harvard.After graduation,he continued to read and to hold in high regard the works of Confucius and Mencius,quoting liberally from them in his writings and translating them from the French into English for the literary journal,The Dial.A number of Chinese classics made their way into Massachusetts libraries early in the 19th century.J.P.A.Rémusat was the author of books relating to Chinese literature which would have been known to educated Americans at that time.In addition,Jean-Pierre Guillaume Pauthier＇s French translations of a number of Chinese manuscripts became widely available in the United States.Thoreau had plenty of time to read and absorb Chinese literature before engaging on his experiment living beside Walden Pond from 1845 to 1847.In fact,he copied numerous excerpts from Chinese works in his Journal throughout his life.While Thoreau appeared to prefer Pauthier,he also drew on other editions of Eastern literature circulating in New England at the time,including The Chinese Classical Work（The Four Books）（David Collie） and The Works of Confucius（Joshua Marshman）.Drawing on new research I hope my paper would expand on this history and attempt to show the influence of Chinese ideals,particularly those relating to the natural world,on Thoreau the writer and the man.

关 键 词：梭罗 孔子 超验主义 美国文学 

分 类 号：I109.4[文学—世界文学]