高能热塑性粘合剂CE-PBAMO的合成  

Synthesis of High Energy Thermoplastic Binder CE-PBAMO

作　　者：卢先明[1] 甘宁[1] 邢颖[1] 韩涛[1] 刘庆[1] 张志刚[1] 栗磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2010年第3期261-265,共5页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：以1,1,1-三溴甲基-1-羟甲基甲烷为原料,水和甲苯为反应介质,季铵盐为相转移催化剂,在NaOH作用下经关环反应合成3,3-双溴甲基氧杂环丁烷(BBMO)。以季铵盐为相转移催化剂,BBMO在水相介质中经叠氮基取代反应制备出3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(BAMO)。BAMO经阳离子开环聚合可制备出数均分子量(Mn)为3000～4000的预聚物PBAMO。PBAMO经2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)与1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)扩链即可制备出扩链的PBAMO(CE-PBAMO)。用红外、核磁、高效液相色谱、DSC、GPC等对单体、预聚物和CE-PBAMO的结构及相关物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,BBMO收率与纯度分别为81%和97.2%;BAMO收率与纯度分别为80.9%和98.37%;用相转移催化法制备BBMO和BAMO具有收率高、纯度高、安全性好等特点;所合成的CE-PBAMO的Mn为38933,可熔化溶解,20℃时拉伸强度高达12.7MPa,可作为高能热塑性粘合剂,用于具有3R概念新型可燃药筒的制备。Using water and toluene as solvents,and quaternary ammonium salt as phase transfer catalyst,under the effect of NaOH,3,3-dibromomethyl oxetane（BBMO） was synthesized by the cylization of 1,1,1-tribromomethyl-1-hydroxymethyl methane.Using water as solvent,quaternary ammonium salt as phase transfer catalyst,3,3-diazido methyloxetane（BAMO） was obtained by the substitutation of BBMO with NaN3.The prepolymer of BAMO（PBAMO） was synthesized by the cationic polymerization of the monomer BAMO,and it had a number average molecular weight from 3000 to 4000.The chain-extended PBAMO（CE-PBAMO） was synthesized by the chain extended of the PBAMO with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate（2,4-TDI） and 1,4-butanediol（1,4-BDO）.The structure and physical chemical properties of BBMO,BAMO,PBAMO and CE-PBAMO were identified by FTIR,1H NMR,HPLC,DSC and GPC.The results show that the yield and purity of BBMO are 81% and 97.2%,and the yield and purity of BAMO are 80.9% and 98.37%;the synthesis of BBMO and BAMO by phase transfer catalysis possesses advantages of safety,high yield and high purity;the synthesized CE-PBAMO which has a number average molecular weight of 38933,can melt and dissolve,and its tensile strength is 12.7 MPa at 20 ℃,it can be used as high energy thermoplastic binder in the manufacture of the new type of combustible cartridge case which has concept of 3R（recycle,recover,reuse）.

关 键 词：高分子化学 相转移催化 3 3-双溴甲基氧杂环丁烷(BBMO) 3 3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(BAMO) 聚合的BAMO(PBAMO) 扩链的PBAMO(CE-PBAMO) 

分 类 号：TQ560.4[化学工程—炸药化工]