红豆杉科次生韧皮部的比较解剖  

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE SECONDARY PHLOEM OF TAXACEAE

作　　者：韩丽娟[1,2] 胡玉熹[1,2] 林金星 

机构地区：[1]长春师范学院 [2]中科院植物研究所

出　　处：《植物研究》1999年第1期80-87,共8页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：在光学显微镜及扫描电镜下，比较观察了红豆杉科Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ５属即红豆杉属Ｔａｘｕｓ、白豆杉属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓ、穗花杉属Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ、榧树属Ｔｏｒｒｅｙａ和澳洲红豆杉属Ａｕｓｔｒｏｔａｘｕｓ８种植物茎次生韧皮部的结构。其主要结果为：红豆杉科植物茎次生韧皮部由轴向系统和径向系统两部分构成。轴向系统由筛胞、韧皮薄壁组织细胞、蛋白细胞及韧皮纤维组成；径向系统由韧皮射线构成。但是，在横切面上，各个组成分子的层次有所差异；韧皮纤维的形状、大小、数量、结晶的有无以及结晶的形状等都有所不同。这些可作为本科分属的鉴定特征，也为科内分族提供了佐证。需要强调指出的是，除澳洲红豆杉属外，其余４属的韧皮纤维外壁均具草酸钙结晶，而且结晶的形状、大小和频率均有所不同。根据这些特点可以把红豆杉科分为四个族，从原始到进化的顺序是：第一个族红豆杉族（包括白豆杉属和红豆杉属）；第二个族是澳洲红豆杉族（澳洲红豆杉属）；第三个族是穗花杉族（穗花属）；第四个族是榧树族（榧树属）。The family Taxaceae contains five genus, Taxus, Pseudotaxus, Amentotaxus, Torreya, Austrotaxus, except for Austrotaxus mastly endemic to China. The prensent paper deals with the comparative anatomy of secondary phloem of stems in 8 species of five genus and light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The main results are as follows: The secondary phloem of Taxaceae is composed of axial and radial systems. In the axial system the phloem consists of sieve cells, phloem parenchyma cells, albuminous cells and phloem fibers. In the radial systemit consists of phloem rays. In cross section the layer of consists elements are different. The forms, size, quantity, have or not of crystal and the forms of crystal of phloem fibers are different. This can be served as the characters for identification of genus and also provding the evideuce for the tribes in the family. Based on the fact that crystals are absenton the outer surface of phloem fibers in Austrotaxus and present on the fibers of other four genera. The forms, size and frequency of crystals on the wall surfaces of the phloem fibers in four genera of Taxaceae are different. It can be divided into four tribes: Taxeae (including Taxus and Pseudotaxus), Austrotaxeae ( Austrotaxus ),Amentotaxeae (Amentotaxs) and Torreyeae ( Torreya).

关 键 词：红豆杉科 次生韧皮部 比较解剖 系统演化 

分 类 号：Q949.666[生物学—植物学]