扎龙自然保护区景观格局变化及其驱动机制  

Change of Landscape Pattern and Its Driving Mechanism in Zhalong Nature Reserve

作　　者：刘敏[1] 厉悦[1] 杨晓杰[1] 王蕾[1] 张志[1] 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2010年第5期157-162,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(11531427)

摘　　要：运用3S技术,利用6幅Landsat TM图像数据,将GIS和景观生态学的数量分析方法相结合,运用ArcGIS以及Fragstats,分析了扎龙自然保护区1950-2004年间景观格局的变化。结果表明:(1)扎龙自然保护区呈现出以沼泽地为基质的草地、耕地和未利用地等相对为主体的交错景观格局,其余景观类型呈补丁状散布。(2)1950-2004年的54 a中,扎龙自然保护区的草地面积急剧减少,水域、林地、沼泽地、未利用地、住宅用地、耕地面积都呈波动性增加,其中未利用地和耕地面积增加显著。(3)斑块数量变化显著,总的斑块数量呈先增后减再增的趋势,其中林地、未利用地、耕地3种景观类型斑块数量增加明显,水域、沼泽地斑块数量下降显著。(4)景观多样性指数和景观均匀度指数值呈先增加后减少再增加的趋势,景观优势度指数值的变化趋势刚好与之相反。表明扎龙自然保护区的主要景观类型沼泽地和草地对整个景观的控制力越来越弱。(5)景观分离度和景观破碎度的变化趋势完全一样,都是呈先增后减再缓慢上升的趋势。受人类活动影响较大的林地和住宅用地的景观分离度和景观破碎度值较大,而沼泽地和草地等自然特性较强的景观类型的分离度和破碎度值较小。(6)气候变化、人口增长和工程建设是扎龙自然保护区景观格局发生变化的主要驱动力。总之,要实现扎龙自然保护区的可持续发展和景观生态功能的良性发挥,必须注重景观格局的优化,维护景观生态过程与格局的连续性。Taking the images of 1950,1978,1986,1995,2000 and 2004 as basic imformation,integrating GIS and ecological quantity analytical method,changes of landscape pattern were analyzed in Zhalong Nature Reserve by the software ArcGIS and Fragstats.The results were as follows：（1） The mixed landscape pattern was composed of marsh,grassland,cropland and unused land,and marsh was dominant.（2） The area of grassland reduced sharply in recent 54 years,while the areas of other landscape types increased in fluctuated pattern.The areas of unused land and cropland increased significantly.（3） The number of patches changed significantly.The change trend of total number was increasing,decreasing,and then increasing.The number of patches of forestland,unused land and cropland landscape increased obviously,while that of waters and marshes decreased significantly.（4） The change trend of landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index was increasing,decreasing,and then increasing,and that of landscape dominance index was on the contrary.It showed that domination of major landscape type in Zhalong Nature Reserve was getting weaker and weaker.（5） Both change trends of landscape isolation index and that of landscape division index were increasing,decreasing,and then slowly increasing.The landscape isolation index and landscape division index were larger in human activity disturbed landscape types,such as forestland and residential land,but those of the natural or remained landscape types,such as the marshes and grassland,were smaller.（6） The climate,population growth and project construction were the main driving forces for the landscape pattern change.In order to realize sustainable development and ecology function of landscapes in Zhalong Nature Reserve,it is essential to intensify the optimization of spatial relationships among landscape elements and maintain continuity of landscape ecological process and pattern.

关 键 词：湿地 景观多样性 景观优势度 景观分离度 景观均匀度 景观破碎度 驱动力 

分 类 号：S731.3[农业科学—林学]