不同灌溉方式下土壤中氨挥发损失及动态变化  

Nitrogen Loss and Dynamic Change of Soil Ammonia Volatilization in Different Irrigation Methods

作　　者：马腾飞[1] 危常州[1] 王娟[1] 侯振安[1] 王肖娟[1] 彭振宝[1] 张波[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第3期294-298,共5页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC20B03);农业部行业公益性专项项目(200803030)

摘　　要：为合理施肥与提高氮肥利用率提供依据,研究了新疆北部灰漠土在不同灌溉方式下施肥后土壤氨气挥发损失,利用土柱在网室内进行滴灌和漫灌模拟实验,通过自行设计的连续抽气装置（即实现模拟风洞法效果）研究了滴灌和漫灌方式下施肥后土壤氨的挥发损失。结果表明：在不同施肥处理下（N240、N360和N480kg/hm^2）,漫灌氨气挥发量略高于滴灌。不同施肥量比较,N360和N480处理与N240和N0处理间差异显著;在相同灌溉处理下,全生育期收集的氨气损失总量为N360〉N480〉N240〉N0,其中FN360（漫灌N360）处理收集的氨气损失总量最高,为1.407kg/hm^2,占肥料（N）比例0.39%（〈1%）;氨挥发主要发生在作物生长的初期阶段,滴灌前3次收集的氨挥发量占总损失量的41%-56%。To provide theoretical basis for optimizing fertilizer in drip irrigation in arid areas,this paper studies ammonia volatilization after N fertilization in different system in Calcaric Fluvisals soil in North Xinjiang.Soil column method was used to simulate drip irrigation and flood irrigation,and a series of self-designed equipment was adopted to simulate wind tunnel for pumping ammonia from the column to a collector and then to determine the amount of ammonia volatilization in a mesh house.The result showed that at the same N rates（N applied at the rates 0,240,340 and 480 kg/hm^2 respectively）,N escape from soil through ammonia volatilization in flood irrigation was higher than drip irrigation during the whole periods.At the same treatment of irrigation,there was a significant difference between N360,N480 and N240,N0 treatments.Total N loss through ammonia volatilization in the whole crop growth was ordered by N360〉N480〉N240〉N0,the maximal value of N loss through ammonia volatilization was 1.407 kg/hm^2 in N360 by flooding irrigation,which occupied 0.39% of total fertilizer N.N loss through ammonia volatilization took place during the earlier stages of plant growth,especially with drip irrigation treatment,41%-56% N loss through ammonia volatilization took place in the first three measurements.

关 键 词：尿素 氨挥发 模拟风洞法 

分 类 号：S274.11[农业科学—农业水土工程]