国Ⅳ汽油出租车的冷、热启动污染物排放特征  

Emission characteristics of gasoline taxi cabs complying with China Ⅳ emission standards during cold and hot starts

作　　者：王海涛[1] 胡京南[1] 鲍晓峰[1] 吴烨[2] 解淑霞[1] 李振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院移动源污染控制研究科技创新基地,北京100012 [2]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2010年第2期146-151,共6页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2007FY240300);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(50808169)

摘　　要：为研究冷、热启动对中国轻型汽油车排放的影响,利用便携式排放测试系统(PEMS),对3辆国Ⅳ汽油出租车的尾气排放开展了实际道路测试。研究发现:冷启动和热启动对车辆排放的影响分别在启动300s和120s后基本结束。车辆在不同状态下启动时的HC和CO排放差异很大,启动前发动机熄火的时间越短,启动时的HC和CO排放越低。冷启动阶段的HC和CO排放分别达到3.3g和21.9g,约是第1次热启动的10倍和6倍,约是第2次热启动和31倍和12倍。但NOx排放受此影响较小,而受驾驶习惯的影响更大。Cold and hot start emissions play a more and more important role in light-duty vehicles in China. Three gasoline taxi cabs were chosen, which comply with China IV emission standards, for emission testing on the real road using a portable emission measurement system （PEMS）. The results show that cold start almost ended its impact on vehicle emissions after 300 s and hot start almost ended after 120 s according to the emission data. There are significant differences in HC and CO emissions under different kinds of vehicle starts conditions. The shorter the interval between engine stop and start, the less HC and CO emissions right after the starts. During the cold start, HC and CO emissions were 3.3 g and 21.9 g, which are 10 and 6 times of those in the first hot start, and 31 and 12 times of those in the sencond hot start, respectively. The influence of start conditions is not so significant on NOx emission, which is affected more by driving behavior.

关 键 词：轻型汽油车 国Ⅳ排放标准冷 热启动 便携式排放测试系统(PEMS) 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]