影响驾驶员驾驶适性的社会心理因素分析  

Analysis of driving adaptability based on psycho-social factors

作　　者：欧颖[1] 蒙华庆[1] 覃青[1] 邱海棠[1] 罗庆华[1] 李楠[1] 陈品红[1] 傅一笑[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院心理卫生中心,400016

出　　处：《中华创伤杂志》2010年第6期542-545,共4页Chinese Journal of Trauma

基　　金：重庆市科委软科学课题基金资助项目（2007CE9047）

摘　　要：目的 探讨影响驾驶员驾驶适性的相关社会心理因素.方法 采取分层整群抽样抽取870名机动车驾驶员,剔除肇事1～2次的驾驶员,最终选出620名符合研究条件的驾驶员,分为肇事组和非肇事组.采用一般人口学资料、生活事件量表、90项症状自评量表及艾森克人格问卷对其进行测试,并运用t检验和Fisher判别分析进行分析并建立驾驶适性判别函数.结果 肇事组驾驶员正性生活事件、负性生活事件、家庭事件、工作事件、社交事件因子分别为9.62±11.36,4.67±6.25,34.53±30.01,6.38±10.15,24.05±23.09,6.48±9.43,16.78±17.12,3.96±6.55,2.82±5.07,2.02±5.43,均高于非肇事组驾驶员（P＜0.01）.肇事组驾驶员的SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于非肇事组驾驶员（P＜0.01）.艾森克个性问卷测评中肇事组驾驶员N、P维度分（56.32±8.77,5.22±10.43）均高于非肇事驾驶员（45.23±8.06,48.31±9.35）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.Fisher判别方程：F肇事组=0.258×X6＋0.119×X9＋0.637×X17＋0.043×X5-7.476,F非肇事组=0.137×X6-1.000×X9＋1.423×X17＋0.003 ×X5-2.601.回代验证的判别总正确率为88.3%,前瞻性判别总正确率为88.0%.结论 强迫、焦虑、情绪、负性事件与驾驶适性有显著的相关性.判别函数正确率高,对驾驶员选拔有重要意义,对减少交通事故的发生有重要作用.Objective To discuss the impact of relevant psycho-social factors on the driving adaptability. Methods A total of 870 vehicle drivers were screened out by stratified cluster sampling,and 620 drivers were finally selected for this study after eliminating those who had 1 -2 accidents. The 620 drivers were divided into accident group and non-accident group. Demographic questionnaire, life event scale, SCL-90 Scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were applied to investigate their general condition, life event, mental health and personality. All data were analyzed by t test and stepwise Fisher discriminatory, and then the discriminatory equations of driving eligibility were established. Results The scores of factors including positive life events, negative life events, family events, work events and social events in accident group were 9.62 ± 11.36, 34.53 ± 30.01, 24.05 ± 23.09, 16.78 ± 17. 12 and 2.82 ± 5.07, respectively, which were higher than 4.67 ± 6.25, 6.38 ± 10. 15, 6.48 ± 9.43, 3.96 ±6.55 and 2.02 ± 5.43 respectively in the non-accident group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The total SCL-90 score and the scores of all factors in the accident group were higher than those in the non-accident group （ P 〈0. 01 ）. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire scores of the accident group were significantly higher than the non-accident group in N dimension （ 56. 32 ± 8.77 vs. 45.23 ± 8.06 ） and P dimension （52.22 ±10.43 vs. 48.31 ± 9.35 ） （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Fisher discriminatory equations： Faccident group = 0. 258 × X6 ＋ 0.119 ×X9 ＋0.637 ×X17 ＋0.043 × X5-7.476; Fnon-accident group =0. 137 × X6-1. 000 ×X9 ＋ 1.423 ×X17 ＋0.003× X5-2.601. Total discrimination accuracy of verification was 88.3%, and the total accuracy of prospective discrimination was 88.0%. Conclusions There is clear correlation of driving adaptability with coercion, anxiety, emotion and negative factors. The discriminatory equations are useful for selecting drivers because of high accuracy, and may play an importan

关 键 词：事故 交通 汽车驾驶 心理学 社会 驾驶适性 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]