高炉冶炼厂103名工人尿铅测定结果分析  

Determination Result analysis of Lead in Urine of 103 Workers in Blast furnace Smelting Plants

作　　者：谢光方 王淑媛[1] 师艾丽[1] 黄琳屹 杨芸芸[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省玉溪市红塔区疾病预防控制中心,653100

出　　处：《职业与健康》2010年第13期1471-1472,共2页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的对2004—2008年玉溪市内4所冶炼厂103名员工尿铅检测结果进行分析,探讨铅中毒防治方法 ,为今后职业中毒提供防治经验和方法。方法尿铅测定采用中国卫生标准汇编职业病诊断卷——双硫腙比色法测定。尿铅判定标准:有密切铅接触史,无铅中毒的临床表现,尿铅含量超过0.07mg/L为铅中毒观察对象;尿铅≥0.12mg/L,且具有腹部隐痛、腹胀、便秘等症状,为轻度中毒;在轻度中毒的基础上出现腹绞痛、贫血、轻度中毒性周围神经病,可诊断为中度中毒。结果 103名冶炼厂工作人员尿铅有37人超出铅吸国家限制(0.07mg/L),超标率35.92%(37/103)。其中铅吸收观察对象15.53%(16/103),铅中毒20.39%(21/103)。超标人员中以炉前工为主。结论应加强监督执法,增强厂家的职业卫生法制意识,提高工作人员在生产中自我防护意识,这样就可以减低铅中毒的发病率,保障员工健康。[Objective]To analyze the determination results of the lead in urine of 103 workers in 4 smelting plants of Yuxi City from 2004 to 2008,to discuss the prevention methods of lead poisoning,and provide experiences and approaches for future occupational poisoning prevention.[Methods]The determination of lead in urine applied the Diphenylthiocarbazone Colorimetry in the Volume of Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases in the collection of China Hygiene Standard. The determination criteria of lead in urine：the one with the history of lead exposure,without clinical features of lead poisoning,and the lead level in urine over 0.07 mg/L,was identified as the observation subject of lead poisoning; the one with lead level ≥0.12 mg/L,and symptoms of abdomen dull pain,abdominal distension,constipation and so on,was judged as mild intoxication; and the mild intoxicated one plus abdominal angina,anemia,mild intoxication peripheral neuropathy,could be diagnosed as moderate intoxication.[Results]Of 103 workers,the urine lead levels of 37 exceeded the national limit of lead absorption（0.07 mg/L）,the over limit rate was 35.92%（37/103）. The observation subjects of lead absorption accounted for 15.53%（16/103）,and the lead poisoning rate was 20.39%（21/103）. The major proportion of the over-limit workers were furnacemen.[Conclusion]The supervision of law enforcement should be strengthened. The occupational hygiene legal awareness of the enterprises should be improved,as well as the self-protection awareness of workers. By so doing,the incidence of lead poisoning can be reduced and the worker＇s health can be guaranteed.

关 键 词：高炉冶炼 铅中毒 尿铅 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]