江西进贤水田长期施肥模式对水稻养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Patterns of Fertilization on Rice Nutrient Use in Jinxian County of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：要文倩[1,2] 秦江涛[1] 张继光[1,2] 周睿[1] 张斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2010年第3期467-472,共6页Soils

基　　金：国家973项目(2005CB121107);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-08)资助

摘　　要：利用江西进贤26年的长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥模式下水稻不同器官养分分配及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明：长期施用化肥对土壤有机C含量没有显著影响,但显著提高了土壤中有效养分含量;有机无机肥配施显著提高土壤有机C和有效养分含量。水稻各器官对N、P、K的吸收存在明显差异,籽实中N、P的吸收量占总吸收量的比例分别为56%～73%和65%～85%,K的吸收则主要集中在秸秆（49%～60%）。籽实产量与N、P施肥量显著相关,施肥对根茬生物量的影响比对籽实、秸秆的影响更明显;土壤养分状况显著影响水稻籽实、秸秆与根茬的生物量。N、P、K化肥的均衡施用及有机-无机配施提高了水稻籽实产量,其中NPK＋OM处理籽实产量最高,较对照增产73.4%,2NPK与NPK处理分别增产59.5%和35.2%;配合施肥可以提高肥料表观利用率。水稻籽实、秸秆与根茬产量受土壤性质的影响显著,全P、速效P及碱解N与水稻总生物量极显著相关（相关系数分别为0.89,0.98和0.95）。To study the effects of different patterns of fertilization on rice production and nutrient use, a 26y long-term field experiment was conducted at the Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil. The results showed chemical fertilizers affected the contents of available nutrients more significantly than soil SOC. The combination of chemical and organic fertilizers increased SOC significantly. N and P contents in grains, which were 56%-73% and 65%--85% respectively, were higher than in straw and roots. K content was higher in straw （49%--60%）. Rice productivity increased gradually with the increase of NPK combination application, especially under the combination of chemical and organic fertilizers. The highest productivity of rice occurred in the NPK＋OM treatment, followed by the 2NPK and NPK treatments, which were 73.4%, 59.5% and 35.2% higher than CK respectively. The aboveground and underground biomasses were significantly and positively correlated to rice yield. The result suggested that N, P and K combined fertilization could improve the utilizing rate of fertilizers. Soil properties could affect significantly rice grains, straw and roots, and the total biomasses of rice were significantly and positively correlated to the contents of soil total and available P and available N （r = 0.89, 0.98 and 0.95）.

关 键 词：施肥模式 水稻生物量 养分吸收 土壤性质 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]