云南地区稻作品种多样性的地理分布格局及其与自然环境和民族文化的关系  

Correlation between Geographic Patterns of Cultivar Diversity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Environmental Factors,Local Culture in Yunnan

作　　者：冯建孟[1] 何汉明[2] 朱有勇[2] 李成云[2] 

机构地区：[1]大理学院生命科学与化学学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南农业大学,农业生物多样性应用技术国家工程研究中心,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第4期451-457,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家“973”计划资助项目(2006CB100200)

摘　　要：理解稻作品种多样性的地理分布格局及其成因是稻作品种多样性保护的前提和基础。利用云南地区稻作品种的地理分布数据库,自然环境背景信息和不同民族的人口分布,结合地理信息系统平台和统计分析方法,探讨了该地区稻作品种多样性的地理分布格局及其与环境因素和民族文化之间的关系。结果表明,云南地区稻作品种的多样性中心主要集中在云南南部地区;傣族、哈尼族、拉祜族和布朗族的人口比重与稻作品种的丰富度之间均存在极显著的相关性(P<0.01)。稻作品种多样性的保存和维持可能与不同民族的饮食习俗、耕作方式和宗教文化有关;不同民族的稻作文化在稻作品种多样性保护方面可能扮演着不同的角色。具有稻作品种保存传统的稻作文化的保护是稻作品种多样性保护的基础。与稻作作物的区系起源比较一致,稻作品种的多样性与年平均温度和年平均降水量之间存在极显著的相关性(P<0.01)。在云南南部地区,表征生境异质性的海拔高差显著影响稻作品种的多样性(P<0.05)。云南地区稻作品种的多样性格局受到自然和文化因素的双重影响。从稻作品种的留存和栽培历史来看,文化因素可能起着较为直接的影响,但从其区系起源和生态适应性来看,环境因素则可能起着间接或根本的影响。The interpretation of the geographical patterns of cultivar diversity of rice is the essential basis of the protection.In this study,the geographical patterns of cultivar diversity of rice,and their correlation with environmental factors and culture of major nationality were investigated based on GIS and statistic analysis.The results indicated that the centers of cultivar diversity were mainly observed in southern part of the studied area.Extremely significant correlation between proportions of population of Dai,Hani,Lagu,Bulang people and cultivar diversity of rice was found（P0.01）,which may be due to their diet tradition,religion and production methods.Different cultural background played distinct roles in preservation of rice cultivar diversity.The cultivar diversity of rice also strongly correlated with mean annual temperature,mean annual precipitation,which was consistent to its floristic origin（P0.01）.Significant correlation between altitudinal variation and cultivar diversity of rice in Southern Yunnan was found（P0.05）.The geographical patterns of cultivar diversity of rice were strongly shaped by environmental factors and cultural background of major nationality.But cultural background played a direct role,while environmental factors played indirect or fundamental one.

关 键 词：稻作品种多样性 地理分布格局 文化因素 环境因素 解释 云南地区 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]