施肥对果园化栽培条件下杜仲生长和结果的影响  

Effects of fertilizing to Eucommia ulmoides Oliv plantation under orchard-like condition on their growth and fructification

作　　者：王会勤 杜红岩[2] 杜兰英[2] 杨绍彬[2] 李福海[2] 

机构地区：[1]鄢陵县林业工作站,河南鄢陵461200 [2]中国林科院经济林研究开发中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2010年第6期38-42,共5页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD18B03);国家农业成果转化资金项目(2006GB24320399)

摘　　要：以5年生华仲6号杜仲良种为材料,研究果园化栽培条件下不同施肥配方对杜仲生长和结果的影响。试验将尿素、钙镁磷肥和硫酸钾以N、P2O5和K2O的质量分数共进行16个配方。调查每处理当年新梢生长量、坐果率、果实千粒质量、单株产果量及第2年单芽开花数和坐果率,并进行含胶率和产胶量测定。结果表明,不同施肥配方对杜仲的当年生长、结果及第2年坐果率均有不同程度的促进作用。当年新梢生长量提高14.1%~25.0%,当年坐果率提高16.2%~21.8%,果实千粒质量提高3.4%~11.1%,当年单株产果量提高15.4%~67.0%,单株产胶量提高12.0%~68.7%,第2年单芽开花数提高12.8%~19.4%,第2年坐果率提高20.5%~38.5%。综合比较各施肥配方对杜仲生长和结果性状的促进作用,较高含量的P、K有利于杜仲结实,提高杜仲产果量。杜仲果园化栽培条件下适宜的施肥配方比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶1.20~1.30∶0.55~0.70。Eucommia ulmoides clone Huazhong No.6 of five-year-old was fertilized by 16 treatments of formulation of urea（N）,calcium magnesium phosphate（P2O5） and lemery（K2O） with different quality fractions.Bloom on single bud,fruiting ration and growth of new branch,seed yield of single tree,quality of kilo-seed as well as its gutta-percha containing rate was investigated and determined at the same year and the second year,respectively.Results indicat that fertilizer notably prompted the growth characteristics mentioned above.At the same year after treatments,the growth of new branches,fructification and kilo-mass of seed were increased by 14.1%～25.0%,16.2%～21.8% and 3.4%~11.1%,respectively.Meanwhile,production of seed and gutta-percha increased by 15.4%～67.0% and 12%～68.7%.In the second year,blooming rate and fructification was promted by 12.8%～19.4% and 20.5%～38.5%,respectively.P and K also prompted the growth characteristics.The results also show that higher content of P and K had better effects to prompt Eucommia ulmoides growth and samara yield.The optimized formulation is N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶1.20～1.30∶0.55～0.70.

关 键 词：经济林 杜仲 果园化栽培 配方施肥 产果量 

分 类 号：S759.3[农业科学—森林经理学] S567[农业科学—林学]