长沙市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例流行病学特征  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Cases of Influenza A(H1N1) Infection in Changsha in 2009

作　　者：张锡兴[1] 田怀玉[2] 李亚品[3] 肖洪[2] 陈田木[1] 赵暕[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410001 [2]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院 [3]军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所病原微生物生物安全国家重点实验室 [4]北京大学医学部

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2010年第7期1253-1256,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.40971038);湖南省重点学科建设项目(No.2008001)

摘　　要：目的了解湖南省长沙市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征,描述甲型H1N1流感在湖南省长沙市的流行过程,评价长沙市有效再生率的变化,为甲型H1N1流感预防控制提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对湖南省长沙市2009年诊断的5439例甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征进行描述,包括病例的年龄、性别、职业分布等。采用Matlab软件编程计算长沙市有效再生率R(t)的变化。对长沙市5439例甲型H1N1流感病例的地域分布、各个区县的发病率情况等进行描述。结果长沙市甲型H1N1流感病例男性占59%,女性占41%;92.8%病例集中在0～20岁年龄段,11～20岁为最多,占总病例数的63.7%;从职业构成看,所有病例中,绝大多数为学生,占总病例数的90.4%;所有病例从发病到诊断平均(3±2)d;长沙市甲型H1N1流感高峰出现在2009年11月中旬;以9月1日、10月8日、11月19日为界限,长沙市甲型H1N1流感可以划分为4个阶段,10月8日-11月19日是长沙市甲型H1N1流感病例加速上升的高峰时段;有效再生率R(t)在9月1日学校开学和10月8日国庆长假结束后为最高;从甲型H1N1流感病例地域分布来看,长沙市五区三县一市均有病例出现,其中浏阳市病例最多,发病率最高约22.97/万,宁乡县病例数最少,发病率最低约1.26/万。结论长沙市甲型H1N1流感患者男性明显多于女性,学生占总病例的90.4%,学生是甲型H1N1流感的危险人群,应当注重学校等场所的甲型H1N1流感防控工作。Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of cases with influenza A（H1N1）infection in Changsha in 2009, to describe the epidemic process of influenza A（H1N1）, to evaluate the change of the effective regeneration rate of Changsha, and to provide the scientific evidence for control and prevention of influenza A （H1N1）. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of 5,439 cases with influenza A（HlN1）reported in Changsha in 2009 were descriptively analyzed, including the distribution of age, sex and occupation. The change of the effective regeneration rate of R（t） in Ohangsha was calculated by program in Matlab. The situations of 5,439 cases with influenza A （H1N1） in the geographical distribution and the incidence rate of each district or county in Changsha were described. Results Of all the cases with influenza A （H1N1） in Ohangsha, male cases accounted for 59% and female ones accounted for 41%. 92.8% of the cases concentrated in the age range of 0 to 20 years. Most of the cases fell into the age group of ll -20 years, accounted for 63.7%. The occupational proportion showed that the majority of the cases were students, accounting for 90.4% of the total. The period from the onset to diagnosis in all cases was an average of 3 ± 2 days. The peak of influenza A （H1N1） in Changsha appeared in mid-No- vember 2009. From September 1 to November 19, the influenza A （H1N1） cases in Changsha could be divided into four stages. The days from October 8 to November 19 were the period when the influenza A （H1N1） cases accelerated to the peak. The effective regeneration rate of R（t） became the highest on September 1 when schools opened and on October 8 when the holidays about the National Day ended. In terms of geographical distribution, the cases occurred in all the five districts, three counties, and one city, in which the number of the cases in Liuyang was the largest, with the highest incidencerate being about 22.97/10,000, and the number of the cases in Ningxiang County

关 键 词：湖南长沙 甲型H1N1流感 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]