湖南省农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查研究  

Investigation of Present Situation of Rural Drinking Water and Environmental Sanitation in Hunan

作　　者：张兆强[1] 黄涛[1] 吴传业[1] 陈帅[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2010年第7期1283-1285,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对农村饮用水卫生状况、农村垃圾污水治理情况进行调查研究,为制定农村饮用水安全发展规划及社会主义新农村建设提供科学依据。方法在充分考虑代表性的原则下,在全省按比例分层随机选取26个县进行农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查,并根据饮用水水质监测和环境卫生现状调查结果进行统计分析。结果调查县农村居民供水方式以分散式供水为主,占83.49%;饮用水源以地下水为主,占75.77%;饮水水质总体合格率为21.2%。集中式供水合格率(24.2%)高于分散式供水合格率(18.8%),但差异无统计学意义,不合格者以微生物污染为主。卫生厕所占总户厕的31.34%;生活垃圾、生产垃圾分别占垃圾总量的36.50%和63.50%;污水随意排放占38.14%。结论农村饮用水供水方式和饮用水水质亟待改善,卫生厕所需进一步普及,农村垃圾和污水的无害化处理是改善农村环境卫生状况的重要举措。Objective To investigate the quality of rural drinking water, the current status of garbage ＆ waste water control in Hunan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for rural drinking water safety management and construction of new socialist countryside. Methods With full consideration of the representativeness, 26 counties were selected by stratified random sampling to investigate the present situation of rural drinking water quality and environmental sanitation in Hunan Province. The monitoring data of drinking water quality and the present situation of the environmental sanitation were analyzed. Results Dispersed water supply which accounted for 83.49% was the main method in the investigated counties, and 75.77% of the resources of drinking water were the ground water. The gross qualified rate of drinking water was 21.2%. Centralized water supply had a higher qualified rate （24.2 % ） than dispersed water supply （18.8 % ）, but no statistically significant difference was found between them. The unqualified water was mainly contaminated by microorganism. Sanitary latrine accounted for 31.34 % of the total household latrine. Domestic waste and production waste accounted for 36..50 % and 63.50% of the total amount of the waste, respectively. Sewage ad libitum discharging accounted for 38.14% . Conclusions It is urgent to improve the water supply mode and drinking water quality in villages, and universal coverage of sanitary latrine is needed. Garbage and waste water innocuous treatment is essential to improve rural environmental sanitation.

关 键 词：农村 饮用水 环境卫生 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]