不同土壤水分处理对疏叶骆驼刺幼苗光合特性及干物质积累的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Moisture Treatments on the Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Accumulation of Alhagi sparsifolia Seedlings

作　　者：张晓蕾[1,2,3] 曾凡江[1,3] 刘波[1,2,3] 刘镇[1,2,3] 安桂香[1,2,3] 孙旭伟[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆策勒848300

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第4期649-655,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：新疆科技重大专项项目(200733144-2);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC54B01;2006BAD26B0202-1);新疆科技攻关和重点科技项目(200633130);新疆自治区科技基础条件平台建设项目(PT0801)

摘　　要：为探讨土壤含水量变化对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)幼苗生长发育的影响,于2008年7～10月,在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘绿洲外围设置了土壤水分控制下限为田间持水量的80%(T-80,下同)、60%(T-60)和40%(T-40)3种灌溉梯度。结果表明:土壤水分状况对骆驼刺幼苗的光合特性及干物质积累均有显著影响。随着土壤含水量的增加,骆驼刺幼苗气孔导度增大,蒸腾速率也随之增加,同时水分利用效率降低;而净光合速率和叶绿素含量则随着土壤含水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,干物质积累也有相似的变化趋势,与T-60相比,高水分条件(T-80)和低水分条件(T-40)下骆驼刺幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量降低,净光合速率下降,同时干物质积累减少,根冠比和根质比也有不同程度下降。说明适宜的土壤水分有利于骆驼刺幼苗的生长发育,土壤含水量过高和过低都会限制其光合能力,减少生物量积累及地下分配的比例,最终对其生长发育产生不利影响。In this study,an experiment of three irrigation gradients,i.e.the minimum field moisture capacities of 80%,60% and 40% （T-80,T-60 and T-40）,was carried out during the period from July to October 2008 so as to reveal the effect of different soil moisture treatments on the growth,photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of the seedlings of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.in the southern marginal zone of the Taklimakan Desert,Xinjiang,China.The results show that the photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings were obviously affected by soil moisture content;both transpiration rate and stomata conductance of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings were increased with the increase of soil moisture content,but the water use efficiency was decreased;the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings were increased at first and then decreased with the increase of soil moisture content,and the change trend of dry matter accumulation of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings was similar,that is,the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings were decreased under the field moisture capacities of 80% and 40% than those under the field moisture capacity of 60%,and both the root-shoot ratio and root-mass ratio were also decreased in varying degrees.These reveal that the moderate soil moisture content could promote the growth of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings,but too high or too low soil moisture content could restrict the photosynthesis capability and dry matter accumulation of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings.

关 键 词：疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.) 土壤水分 叶绿素 光合特性 干物质 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]