密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析  

Effects of Planting Density on Yield Performance and Density-Tolerance Analysis for Maize Hybrids

作　　者：陈传永[1] 侯玉虹[2] 孙锐[1] 朱平[3] 董志强[1] 赵明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110161 [3]吉林省农业科学院环境与资源研究中心,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第7期1153-1160,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB118605);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A13);国家自然科学基金项目(30971726)资助

摘　　要：提高种植密度是玉米高产的重要措施之一,并且群体密度对冠层光合特性与产量有重要影响,为阐明不同基因型玉米品种的耐密性,本研究以先玉335、郑单958、吉单209为供试品种,设置60000株hm^(-2)、75000株hm^(-2)、90000株hm^(-2)、105000株hm^(-2) 4种密度处理,测定并计算6个生育期的叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)、净同化率(NAR)以及产量性能参数平均叶面积指数(MLAI)、平均净同化率(MNAR)、收获指数(HI)、单位面积穗数(EN)、单穗粒数(GN)、千粒重(GW),并结合产量性能参数的变化对各品种进行耐密性分析。结果表明,不同品种产量性能参数对密度胁迫的反应相同,MLAI、EN与密度呈显著正相关,MNAR、HI、GN、GW与密度呈显著负相关;各品种产量对密度的响应呈一元二次方程关系,并具有良好的相关性;在试验密度范围内,品种耐密性表现以先玉335最好、郑单958次之,吉单209较差,其中,先玉335的适宜密度范围为90000～105000株hm^(-2),郑单958与吉单209的适宜密度范围为75000～90000株hm^(-2)。Plant density has been recognized as a major factor determining the grain yield. The photosynthetic performance changes as the density increases. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the response of the photosynthetic performance to planting densities in different hybrids of maize （Zea mays L.）. Field experiments were conducted in Gongzhuling, Jilin province. Three corn hybrids were cultivated at 60 000 plants ha^-1, 75 000 plants ha^-1, 90 000 plants ha^-1, and 105 000 plants ha^-1. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Plant population density was the main-plot and hybrids the subplot. The results indicated that leaf area index （LAI）, leaf area duration （LAD）, mean leaf area index （MLAI）, and ear number m-2（EN） increased and net assimilation rate （NAR）, harvest index （HI）, grains per ear （GN）, and grain weight （GW） decreased in all hybrids as plant density intensified, as a result, the assimilate transmission rate reduced, the leaf senescence accelerated, physiological activity declined. During the growth period, the changes of LAI, LAD showed a single peak curve. The peak of LAI appeared at silking, the peak of chlorophyll content appeared at grain filling and peak of high value duration of LAD appeared from full-grown to milky maturity. The peak of NAP, appeared from seeding stage to jointing and from silking to grain filling respectively. The photosynthetic characteristics were different in plant density treatments. The highest grain yield of Xianyu 335, Zhengdan 958, and Jidan 209 was obtained in the treatments of 90 000 plants ha^-1, 75 000 plants ha^-1, and 90 000 plants ha^-1, respectively. Kernel yield per plant decreased in all hybrids as plant density intensified. The density-tolerance of hybrids was Xianyu 335〉 Zhengdan 958〉Jidan 209. The suitable planting density range was 90 000-105 000 plants ha^-1 for Xianyu 335, and 75 000-90 000 plants ha^-1 for Zhengdan 958 and Jidan 209.

关 键 词：春玉米 密度 叶面积指数 净同化率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]