粳稻颖果维管束结构粒位间差异及其与品质性状的关系  

Vascular Anatomical Traits of Caryopsis in Different Positions and Its Relationship with Quality Traits of Japonica Rice

作　　者：于晓刚[1] 张文忠[1] 韩亚东[1] 黄丽丽[1] 徐海[1] 赵明辉[1] 高东昌[1] 徐正进[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/教育部北方粳稻遗传育种省部共建重点实验室/农业部北方作物生理生态重点开放实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第7期1198-1208,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD61A01-6);国家自然科学基金项目(30871468)资助

摘　　要：以典型粳稻品种辽粳294和盐丰47为试材,比较了开花后4～22d穗上不同部位一、二次枝梗颖果背部维管束的解剖结构变化,并对其相应粒位的稻米品质进行分析。结果表明,两品种颖果背部维管束截面均近似椭圆形,其面积大小及短轴长度均随颖果的生长而呈抛物线形变化,辽粳294在开花后12d、盐丰47在开花后10d分别达到最大值,截面长轴长度则随颖果生长和灌浆进程而单调上升。从整体上看,两品种颖果背部维管束表现为从基部到顶部由粗到细的管-束状结构,由居中的导管束和周边的若干筛管束构成。在开花后相同时间,两品种维管束截面面积、截面长轴长度、截面短轴长度、筛管区域宽度、导管数、颖果体积、颖果干质量,均表现为上部一次枝梗籽粒>下部一次枝梗籽粒>上部二次枝梗籽粒>下部二次枝梗籽粒,并且在相同部位上,维管束性状均表现为辽粳294大于盐丰47。维管束截面面积及其长轴长度,与稻米垩白粒率和垩白度呈显著负相关,维管束截面面积、长轴长度、短轴长度、筛管区域宽度和导管数,与颖果干质量、颖果充实度和谷粒充实度呈显著正相关。颖果背部维管束结构的差异,是稻米垩白性状、颖果充实度和其他与同化物积累特性有关的性状产生差异的重要形态学和解剖学基础。Typical japonica rice Liaojing 294 and Yanfeng 47 were used to analyze the dorsal vascular anatomical traits of caryopsis and its relation to grain quality traits on primary and secondary rachises at 4-22 days after flowering （DAF）. The results indicated that the section of dorsal vascular bundle was all near ellipse and its area and short axis length changed as parabola along with development of caryopsis of these two varieties. Caryopsis weight reached the maximum value at 12 DAF for Liaojing 294 and at 10 DAF for Yanfeng 47, respectively. The long axis length showed a monotonic increase with caryopsis development and grain filling. The dorsal vascular bundle, that is composed of centered vessels and circumjacent sieve tubes, showed a shape trend of wide to thin from bottom to top. At the same DAF, the vascular section area, long axis length, short axis length, sieve tube width, vessel number, caryopsis volume and caryopsis dry weight of these two varieties were all ranked as follows： grains on top primary rachis 〉 grains on bottom primary rachis 〉 grains on top secondary rachis 〉 grains on bottom secondary rachis. And these values of Liaojing 294 were larger than those of Yanfeng 47 at the same grain position. There was significantly negative correlation of the section area of vascular bundle and its long axis length with chalky rice rate and chalkiness. A significantly positive correlation of the vascular section area, long axis length, short axis length, sieve tube width and vessel number with caryopsis dry weight, caryopsis plumpness and grain plumpness was identified. Therefore, the structure of dorsal vascular bundle is considered as the important morphological and anatomical basis for the difference of rice chalkiness, caryopsis plumpness and other organic matter accumulation related traits.

关 键 词：粳稻 颖果 维管束 垩白 颖果充实度 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]