基因型和环境条件对小麦花药培养效果的影响  

Effect of Genotype and Growing Environment on Anther Culture in Wheat

作　　者：韩晓峰[1,2] 陶丽莉[2] 殷桂香[2] 刘晓蕾[2,3] 杜丽璞[2] 魏亦勤[4] 晏月明[1] 叶兴国[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [3]北方民族大学生命科学与生物工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏农林科学院农作物科学研究所,宁夏永宁750105

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第7期1209-1215,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971776);宁夏农业厅重点合作项目资助

摘　　要：为进一步提高小麦花培育种效率,明确花药培养力的遗传控制基础,以11个小麦品种及其组配的20个F1杂种为材料,探讨了基因型、培养基和环境条件对愈伤组织诱导率的影响。在W14D、W14Gd、W14GD培养基上,Alondra、Verry、石4185、新春9号和百农3217的花药易被诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为25.3%-51.9%,其中石4185是目前公认的花培育种优良亲本,新春9号为新发现的优良花培基因型。以宁春4号配制的部分F1杂种的愈伤组织诱导率较高,大多数组合高于10.0%,表明宁春4号与供试品种间具有较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花培育种技术要求亲本之一具有较高的花药愈伤组织诱导率或较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花药培养力的遗传控制复杂,表现为数量性状遗传,亲本花药培养力很高,其F1组合花药培养力不一定很高,这与双亲配合力有关。小麦花药培养中,供体植株生长和愈伤组织诱导的适宜条件为较长的营养生长期、适宜的前期（分蘖期）温度和较高的中期（拔节后期）温度。在添加低浓度生长素和葡萄糖的液体培养基中发现小麦花药直接成苗现象,2,4-D诱导花药直接成苗效果优于Dicamba。随着年度间气候升高的影响,相同基因型花药愈伤组织诱导率呈现增加趋势。Wheat anther culture is affected greatly by many factors, such as wheat genotype, culture medium, and the temperature during the growing period of donors. For further improving the regeneration efficiency from wheat anthers and understanding the genetic control of wheat anther culture ability, some wheat genotypes including Verry, Xinchun 9, Chinese Spring, and Ningchun 4, and their F1 hybrids by crossing each other were used for anther cultures in different years, and the callus induction frequencies were evaluated. The results indicated that haploid calli were easily induced from the anthers ofAlondra, Verry, Shi 4185, Xinchun 9, and Bainong 3217. The frequency of callus production ranged from 25.3% to 51.9%. Shi 4185 and Xinchun 9 showed higher potentials for wheat haploid breeding because of their good agronomic traits and high anther culture response. Some F1 hybrids derived from Ningchun 4 had high callus production rates, indicating that Ningchun 4 had high combining ability with some crossing parents in anther culture. However, the Fj hybrids from the parents with high anther culture response were not certain to perform high callus frequency, which was more than 10.0% in majority of the crosses. This suggested that the genetic control of wheat anther culture appeared to be complicated and performed as a quantitative trait. The optimal environment conditions for the donor plants of the anthers were long vegetative growing period, moderate temperature during the tillering period, and high tem- perature during the late jointing period. Haploid plantlets could be induced directly from wheat anthers in the liquid media with low concentrations of auxin and glucose. It was also found that 2,4-D was better than dicamba in liquid media for callus induction. Besides, the frequency of callus induced from wheat anthers showed increase trend with the promotion of temperature during the growing period of wheat donor plants, which was caused by climate warming.

关 键 词：小麦 花药培养 基因型 环境条件 愈伤组织诱导 花药直接成苗 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]