高产甘蔗的植物营养特征研究  

Study of Plant Nutritional Characteristics of High Yield Sugarcane

作　　者：谢如林[1] 谭宏伟[1] 黄美福[1] 周柳强[1] 黄金生[1] 黄献华[1] 曾艳[1] 杨瑞青[1] 董文斌[1] 王磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2010年第3期828-831,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目(桂科自0832202;桂科基0832035);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD4AB10-07);广西农科院科技发展基金重点项目(2007001Z);IPNI中国项目部资助项目

摘　　要：采集广西主要蔗区14个县（区）32个土壤和甘蔗植株样品,将甘蔗样品分为蔗茎、蔗尾和青叶、枯叶、蔗蔸和根系4个部位,对高产甘蔗收获期的植物营养特征及收获后各种养分的去向进行了系统的研究。结果表明,大量元素N、P和K以青叶和蔗尾中的含量最高,中量元素Ca、Mg和S含量则以枯叶中的含量最高,Zn和Cu在青叶和蔗尾中的含量最高,Fe在蔗蔸和根系中的含量最高,Mn和B在枯叶中的含量最高;大量元素N、P、K主要积累于蔗茎、青叶和蔗尾,其中蔗茎的累积量约占60%左右,青叶和蔗尾的累计量约占总吸收量的20%~25%;中量元素Ca、Mg、S主要积累在蔗茎、枯叶、青叶和蔗尾几个部位,占总吸收量的90%以上;微量元素Cu、Zn主要累积在蔗茎中,约占总吸收量的60%~65%;Mn、B主要积累在蔗茎、枯叶、青叶和蔗尾3个部位,占总吸收量的95%以上,Fe在蔗蔸和根系、蔗茎中的累积量各占总吸收量的45%左右。甘蔗高产情况下每生产1 t甘蔗对各种养分的平均吸收量为N 1.81 kg,P2O50.36 kg,K2O 2.11 kg,CaO 0.91 kg,MgO 0.42 kg,S 0.50 kg,Fe 37.5 g,Mn 15.5 g,Zn 6.2 g,Cu 2.2 g,B 0.74 g;大量元素氮磷钾的吸收比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.20∶1.16。每收获1 t甘蔗从蔗地中带走养分数量平均为N 1.67kg,P2O50.32 kg,K2O 1.85 kg,CaO 0.58 kg,MgO 0.32 kg,S 0.47 kg,Fe 19.2 g,Mn 11.3 g,Zn 5.0 g,Cu 1.8 g,B 0.51 g。The nutrient uptake and removal of sugarcane were studied under high yield and good quality condition in mature stage.The experimental results showed that the content of N,P and K in green leaves and tip of branch were higher than their in other parts of sugarcane greatly,but the content of Ca,Mg and S in bone-dry leaves were higher than their in other parts.The highest content of Zn and Cu appeared in green leaves and tip of branch,and Fe appeared in underground parts,and Mn and B appeared in bone-dry leaves.The accumulation of N,P and K in stem accounted for about 60 %,and in green leaves and tip accounted for 20 %-25 %.Ca,Mg and S mainly accumulated in stem,bone-dry leaves and green leaves and tip.Cu and Zn mainly accumulated in stem.Mn and B mainly accumulated in stem,bone-dry leaves and green leaves and tip.Fe mainly accumulated in stem and underground parts.In the high yield condition,the uptake of nutrients per ton raw stem were： N 1.81kg,P2O5 0.36kg,K2O 2.11kg,CaO 0.91kg,MgO 0.42kg,S 0.50kg,Fe 37.5gFe,Mn 15.5g,Zn 6.2g,Cu 2.2g,B 0.74g.The removal of nutrients per ton raw stem from the field were： N 1.67kg,P2O5 0.32,K2O 1.85,CaO 0.58kg,MgO 0.32kg,S 0.47kg,Fe 19.2g,Mn 11.3g,Zn 5.0g,Cu 1.8g,B 0.51g.

关 键 词：高产甘蔗 植物营养特征 养分分布 养分吸收量 养分带走量 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]