红火蚁入侵对荔枝园土壤性理化质的影响  

Influence of Solenopsis invicta Buren on the physical and chemical properties of soils in litchi orchards

作　　者：席银宝[1,2] 陆永跃[1] 曾玲[1] 梁广文[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室/红火蚁研究中心,广州510642 [2]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2010年第2期145-151,157,共8页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2009CB119200);科技基础性工作专项(2006FY111000-1);国家自然科学基金项目(305712427);广东省科技计划项目(2007B020710014;2006A20301005)

摘　　要：对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren荔枝园发生区土壤理化性质进行了研究,结果表明:3类红火蚁不同发生区之间、红火蚁蚁巢4个不同方位之间以及距红火蚁蚁巢中心不同距离之间的土壤各项理化性质均有显著的差异(p<0.01)。从对照区、轻度发生区到重度发生区土壤粘粒变得越来越细,酸性逐渐升高。土壤有机质、碱解N、有效P的含量在轻、重度发生区较对照区分别下降了29.0%与39.9%、42.1%与53.6%、43.3%与52.6%,但速效K的含量在轻、重度发生区较对照区则分别升高了8.5%与34.0%。此外,在红火蚁发生区,蚁巢上的土壤理化性质与蚁巢以外的土壤理化性质明显不同(p<0.01)。蚁巢上的土壤明显比蚁巢以外的土壤酸性强。土壤有机质、碱解N、有效P的含量在蚁巢上明显最小,但土壤速效K的含量在蚁巢上明显最高。蚁巢不同方位上土壤的理化性质相对差异较小,红火蚁在荔枝园的分布存在一定的空间随机性。The basic physical and chemical properties of soils were measured in litchi orchard lightly and heavily infested by Red Imported Fire Ant（FIFA） as well as in noninfested orchard as control in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. The results showed that：among three different areas infested by RIFA,four different directions around the mound and four different distances to mound center, the basic properties of the soils were significant different from each other. The soil of infested litchi orchard became thinner than that of noninfested litchi orchard. The acidity was rising gradually, and the content of soil organic matter,alkalihydrolygable N,available P in lightly and heavily infested orchard vs in noninfested orchard drop off 29.0%and 39.9%, 42.1%and 53.6%, 43.3%and 52.6%,respectively. However, the content of available K in lightly and heavily infested orchard vs in noninfested orchard rise 8.5%and 34.0%respectively,due to the activity of RIFA. Moreover, in the RIFA-infested litchi orchard, the soils basic physical and chemical properties of the mound was significant different from outside the mound.The soil acidity of the mound was stronger than that of outside. The content of soils organic matter,alkalihydrolygable N,available P and available K in the four different distances to mound center were significant differet from each other. The contents of former three were the least in the mound, the further distance to mound, the higher content. However, the latter was contrary.The basic properties of soils in the four different directions present lesser difference from each other. The distribution of RIFA in litchi orchard exist randomicity within definite space.

关 键 词：红火蚁 土壤理化性质 荔枝园 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]