生物柴油环境影响的全生命周期评价  

Life cycle assessment of biodiesel environmental effects

作　　者：邢爱华[1,2] 马捷[1] 张英皓[1] 王垚[1] 金涌[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学工程系,绿色反应工程与工艺北京市重点实验室,北京100084 [2]中国神华煤制油化工有限公司北京研究院,北京100011

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第6期917-922,共6页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家“九七三”重点基础研究项目(2004CB719706)

摘　　要：采用生命周期评价方法(LCA),评估了生物柴油项目对环境的影响。统计了以菜籽油、麻疯树油、地沟油为原料的生物柴油全生命周期(包括作物的种植、收获、运输、预处理,以及生物柴油的生产和配送和消费)的各种污染物排放。结果表明:生物柴油全生命周期中,CO2排放量低于石化柴油,HC、CO排放量与石化柴油接近,NOx、可吸入微粒排放量略高于石化柴油,SO2排放量远高于石化柴油。生物柴油排放的SO2主要发生在种植和生产环节,其他气体污染物排放主要在车辆使用阶段。这几种作物的生物柴油全生命周期排放的液体和固体废弃物远高于石化柴油。因此,需要开发新品种油料植物。The environmental effect of biodiesel was evaluated using a life cycle assessment（LCA）.The pollutant emissions were counted for biodiesel production from different feed stocks,rape seed oil,Jatropha curcas L oil and waste oil,taking into account the planting,harvesting and transportation,pretreatment,biodiesel production,distribution and consumption.The results show that the life cycle CO2 emissions for biodiesel production from these plants are lower than for fossil fuel diesel,while the emissions of HC,CO are comparable to those for fossil diesel.The emissions of NOx and particulate matter（PM） for biodiesel are higher than for diesel,with the SO2 emissions are far higher than for diesel.The planting and biodiesel production accounted for the higher SO2 emissions,with the other waste gases mainly discharge from engines during consumption.The liquid and solid discharges for these kinds of biodiesel are higher than for diesel,so to find other new energy plants is needed.

关 键 词：环境影响 生物柴油 生命周期评价方法(LCA) 污染物排放 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]