云南昭通燃煤型氟中毒防治现状及对策探讨  

THE SURVEY OF THE PREVENTION AND INCIDENCE OF COAL-BURNING FLUOROSIS IN YUNNAN ZHAOTONG

作　　者：范群[1] 姚霜[1] 胡守敬 王冰[1] 者丽萍[1] 杨苹[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省第二人民医院,昆明650021 [2]云南省卫生厅疾病控制局

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2010年第14期2728-2730,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：云南省科技厅-昆明医学院联合专项基金资助(2007C0038R)

摘　　要：[目的]调查分析云南省昭通燃煤型氟斑牙患病情况,为地方性氟中毒的防治提供参考。[方法]参照世界卫生组织和全国第三次口腔健康流行学调查标准诊断标准,随机抽取昭通燃煤型氟中毒地区12岁和35~44岁人群进行氟斑牙和口腔健康状况抽样调查及问卷调查。[结果]12岁学生氟牙症患病率为86.5%,缺损率为22.5%,氟牙症指数为2.12,35~44岁人群氟牙症检出率为100.0%,缺损率为37.2%,氟牙症指数为3.49,中年组氟斑牙患病情况明显重于学生组（P﹤0.01,χ^2=29.67）。城区居民生活用燃煤使用率和食物烘烤率均低于农村,两者间有统计学差异（P﹤0.01）。总体的地氟病防治知识知晓率仅为23.3%,其中成人组知晓率高于学生,农村学生知晓率又高于城区学生;有84.4%的人群有刷牙习惯,有50.7%的人群仍然在使用含氟牙膏;有91.1%的人群有迫切的治疗需求和愿望;地氟病防治知识获得途径依次为电视、广播、图片及小册子,但是成人与学生,城区与农村之间,获得地氟病防治知识的途径有明显不同。[结论]改炉改灶后氟中毒病情程度减轻,但仍属中度流行区。当地人群特别是学生的地氟病防治知识知晓率非常低下,氟中毒的防治任务仍很艰巨,需进一步加强以改灶和健康教育为主的综合治理。[Objective] To survey the situation of prevention and control of dental fluorosis in coal polluted high fluoride areas of Zhaotong,and to explore more effective intervention strategies for the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.[Methods] According to the dental fluorosis diagnosis standards of WHO and the third national oral health survey,12 and 35-44 years old people group were randomly sampled in the areas to survey and analyze the incidence and trends of the dental fluo-rosis after the stove-chaning.[Results] the prevalence of dental fluorsis of the 12 years old group was 86.5%,the defect rate was 22.5% and the dental fluorosis index was 2.12,and which were 100%,37.2% and 3.49 in the 35-44 years old group.There＇s a significant difference between the two groups,the use of coal and the rate of coalbaking food in the countryside were higher than that in the city.Only 23.3% of them had the knowledge of prevention of endemic flworosis.The awareness rate in adult group was higher than that in the students.84.4% of them had the habit of brushing teeth.50.7% of them still used tooth-paste containing fluorine.91.1% of them had urgent need and wishes of treatment.They got knowledge from TV and broadcase-ing,pictures and booklet.But adults and students,urban and rural people had different sources of getting knowledges.[Conclusion] After stove-changing,the prevalence of dental fluorosis fell down and the severity of the disease reduced.But the condition is still serious.People＇s awareness rate of prevention and control of endemic fluorosis is very low,especially among students.There＇s an urgent need to enhance and popularize health education.The comprehensive control is very important.

关 键 词：燃煤型氟中毒 氟斑牙防治 对策 问卷调查 

分 类 号：R595.1[医药卫生—内科学]