不同施肥处理对土壤水稳定性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响  

Distribution of water-stable aggregates and organic carbon of arable soils affected by different fertilizer application

作　　者：刘恩科[1,2] 赵秉强[3] 梅旭荣[1,2] HWAT Bing-So 李秀英[3] 李娟[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [4]Gfiffith School of Engineering,Griffith University,Nathan,Q 4111,Australia

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第4期1035-1041,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD29B01;2006BAD29B02);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20080440461);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471012);国家基础研究重大项目前期研究专项资助项目(2001CCB00800,2003CCB00300)

摘　　要：以国家褐潮土16 a的长期肥料试验为平台(北京昌平),研究长期不同施肥对耕层土壤水稳定性团聚体及其有机碳的影响。主要研究结果:与耕种农田土壤相比,长期撂荒(CK0)可以提高水稳定性大团聚体的含量及其有机碳含量和储量。而农田耕作后,破坏了水稳性大团聚体,相应地增加水稳性微团聚体的含量。与长期不施肥种植作物(CK)相比,长期施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾配施有机肥(NPKM)和氮磷钾秸秆还田(NPKS)处理对水稳性团聚体数量分布和平均重量直径(MWD)有显著影响,其中对>2mm和0.25 2mm水稳性大团聚体的促进作用最明显,说明施肥处理增加的新碳主要向0.25 2mm和>2mm团聚体富集。在不同水平水稳性团聚体中,>2mm和0.25 2mm两个级别的水稳性大团聚体有机碳的含量显著高于0.0530.25mm和<0.053mm水稳性微团聚体。化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)处理可提高水稳性大团聚体含量,改善土壤团聚体的结构。长期小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作并施氮磷钾化肥的处理(NPKF)各级团聚体中有机碳的含量高于长期小麦-玉米轮作并施氮磷钾化肥的处理(NPK)。We investigated the effects of 16 years long-term fertilizer experiment on aggregate size distribution and the carbon in aggregates of a Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing.Six treatments were chosen for this work： Four were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer（CK）,mineral fertilizers（NPK）,mineral fertilizers plus farmyard manure（NPKM） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated（NPKS）.One was in a wheat-maize/wheat-soybean rotation receiving NPK（NPKF）.The other was abandoned arable land（CK0） growing weeds.The amount of chemical fertilizer applied per year was 150 kg N hm^-2,75 kg P2O5 hm^-2,45 kg K2O hm^-2,22.5 t manure hm^-2 and 2.25 t maize straw hm-2.Soil samples were separated into four aggregate-size classes（〉2mm,0.25-2mm,0.053-0.25mm and 0.053mm）.The results shows than the amount of 〉2mm water-stable aggregates and organic carbon were found to be higher in long-term abandoned arable land than those in cultivated arable land soils.Macro-aggregates are more susceptible to disruptive forces induced by cultivation,which are less than micro-aggregates.Compared to no fertilizer application treatment（CK）,long-term fertilizer application（NPK,NPKM and NPKS） had a significant influence on aggregate size distribution and aggregate stability,and had most effectively accelerate the formation of groups of 〉2mm and 0.25-2mm aggregates,that show the newly enriched organic carbon mostly appeared in aggregate fractions 〉2mm and 0.25-2mm.The SOC concentration was greater for macro-aggregates（2mm and 0.25-2mm） than micro-aggregates（0.053-0.25mm and 0.053mm） in the abandoned arable land and cultivated arable land soils.After applying mineral fertilizers plus farmyard manure（NPKM）,the contents of macro-aggregates increased significantly,being beneficial to the improvement of soil structure.The content of SOC in aggregates was higher in wheat-maize/wheat-soybean rotation cropping system compared to continuous wheat-maize cropping system.

关 键 词：长期肥料试验 水稳定性团聚体 有机碳 碳储量 

分 类 号：S153.62[农业科学—土壤学]