华北石质山区油松林对降水再分配过程的影响  

Impacts of Chinese Pine (Pinus Tabulaeformis) plantations on rainfall redistribution processes:a case study for the mountainous area of North China

作　　者：胡珊珊[1,2] 于静洁[1] 胡堃[1,2] 金明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第7期1751-1757,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学面上基金资助项目(40371025)

摘　　要：森林通过降水再分配过程影响着流域的水量平衡和物质循环。根据2005-2008年汛期华北石质山区主要造林树种油松林的林外降雨、穿透降雨、树干径流定位观测数据,探讨了人工油松林对降雨再分配过程的影响。结果表明,测定期间32场次降雨过程中油松林穿透雨量、树干径流量和林冠截留量平均值分别为8.67,0.11,1.07mm;透过率,树干径流率和林冠截留率分别为82.18%(57.74%-87.55%),1.07%(0.22%-2.07%),16.75%(11.01%-42.07%)。油松林冠层穿透降雨量、树干径流量和林冠截留量均与林外降雨量呈明显的线性关系(R2=0.995,R2=0.907,R2=0.855),根据回归方程,当林外降雨量大于0.3mm时,可发生穿透降雨,当林外降雨量大于3.51mm时,可发生树干径流;林冠截留率与林外降雨呈双曲线衰减趋势,回归方程为y=12.091+55.537/(x+0.426)(N=32,R2=0.685)。典型次降雨再分配过程表明,林冠不仅在量上对降雨进行再分配,还在时程上进行了再分配。Impacts of Chinese pine（Pinus tabulaeformis）plantations on rainfall redistribution processes for the mountainous area of North China were investigated with observed data for 32 rainfall events from four wet seasons,June to September,during 2005-2008.The results showed that the average throughfall,stemflow,and canopy interception amounts were 8.67mm（82.18%）,0.11mm（1.07%）,and 1.07mm（16.75%）,respectively.Throughfall,stemflow and interception amounts had statistically significant linear relationships with total rainfall（R^2=0.995,R^2=0.907,R^2=0.855,respectively）.Throughfall occurs when the rainfall is greater than 0.3mm and stemflow occurs when the rainfall is greater than 3.51mm,based on the regression relationships developed in this study.The canopy interception rate varies hyperbolically with rainfall amount,and a regression equation was fitted as y=12.091＋55.537/（x＋0.426）（N=32,R^2=0.685）.The temporal distribution of rainfall events was also modified by the Chinese pine canopy：throughfall and stemflow started two and 12 minutes later than rainfall for a typical rainfall event of 29.1mm,and throughfall spanning period was about one hour longer for this 14.8 hour long rainfall event.

关 键 词：华北石质山区 油松林 降水再分配 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]