施氮对间作蚕豆根际微生物区系和枯萎病发生的影响  

Effects of N application on rhizosphere microflora and fusarium wilt occurrence of intercropped faba bean

作　　者：董艳[1] 汤利[1] 郑毅[1] 魏兰芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第7期1797-1805,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划前期研究专项资助项目(2008CB117011);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30860157;30460061);公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(200803030)

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验,研究了小麦、蚕豆间作条件下4个施氮水平(0,56.25,112.5kg.hm-2和168.75kg.hm-2)对蚕豆根际微生物区系和蚕豆枯萎病发生的影响。结果表明,单作和间作条件下,施氮显著增加了蚕豆根际的微生物数量,在N2(112.5kg.hm-2)水平下达到最高值;施氮对土壤微生物多样性无显著影响,但减轻了单、间作蚕豆枯萎病的发生,且在N2水平下发病最轻。与单作相比,间作显著增加了蚕豆根际的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量、微生物总数和微生物多样性,尤其在N0、N1(56.25kg.hm-2)和N2(112.5kg.hm-2)水平下间作对蚕豆根际微生物的促进效应明显,且以真菌和放线菌的增幅较大.N0、N1和N2水平下间作显著降低了蚕豆枯萎病的发病率和病情指数。小麦蚕豆间作下适量施氮能有效调节蚕豆根际微生物区系,是抑制蚕豆枯萎病发生的有效措施。Field trials were carried out to investigate effects of four N application rates（0,56.25,112.5 and 168.75 kg·hm^-2）on rhizosphere microflora and fusarium wilt occurrence of faba bean in wheat and faba bean intercropping.Results showed that rhizosphere microbe population of faba bean were increased significantly with increasing N application,in both intercropping and monocropping,the peak value of microbial population appeared in N2（112.5 kg·hm^-2）treatment.No significant effects of N application on soil microbe diversity were detected,but N application reduced intercropped faba bean fusarium wilt occurrence,the lowest disease incidence and index was appeared with N2（112.5 kg·hm^-2）treatment.In comparison with monocropping,the amount of rhizosphere bacteria,fungi,actinomyces,total microbes and microbe diversity of intercropped faba bean significantly increased,the promoting effects of rhizosphere microflora with N application,especially with N0,N1（56.25 kg·hm^-2）and N2（112.5 kg·hm^-2）was also prominent,the amount of fungi and actinomyces population increased significantly.Fusarium wilt incidence and index of intercropped faba bean significantly decreased with N0,N1 and N2 application rates.Rational nitrogen application could effectively regulate rhizosphere microbial population of faba bean,and it could be also an effective measure to control faba bean fusarium wilt occurrence in wheat and faba bean intercropping.

关 键 词：小麦蚕豆间作 施氮量 枯萎病 土壤微生物区系 

分 类 号：S436.43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]