汕头牛田洋沿海围垦区锯缘青蟹病害爆发的环境因素  

Research on environmental factors resulting in the outbreak of mud crab (Scylla serrata) diseases in Niutianyang reclaiming coastal area of Shantou

作　　者：吴清洋 李远友[1] 夏小安[1] 张亮[1] 王树启[1] 徐树德[1] 林尤顺 

机构地区：[1]汕头大学海洋生物研究所,广东汕头515063 [2]汕头市大顺实业有限公司,广东汕头515000

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第8期2043-2048,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省科技计划重大专项资助项目(2006A36502004);农业攻关资助项目(2008B020800004);广东高校产学研结合示范基地科技成果转化重大资助项目(cgzhzd0812);广东省教育部产学研合作专项资金资助项目(2007B090400049)

摘　　要：锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)是汕头市的传统特色和优势养殖品种,也是拥有3万多亩海水养殖池塘的牛田洋围垦区的主养品种。近年来,每年9-11月份,牛田洋的青蟹病害严重,经济损失较大。为探讨青蟹发病与养殖环境的关系,于2007年4月至12月份对牛田洋养殖区的水体理化因子和生物因子进行连续监测研究,结果发现:各因子呈现出明显的季节性变化。在发病前的7-8月份,青蟹处于较高水温(≥28℃)和较低盐度(≤6)环境中。在发病期(9-11月份),各种环境因子恶化,其中铵态氮(NH4+-N)和亚硝态氮(NO2--N)在9月份达到峰值,分别为235.63μg·L-1和27.75μg·L-1;硝态氮(NO3--N)(10.85μg·L-1)、无机磷(PO34—P)(39μg·L-1)及生物因子(水体异养菌157.93×105cfu·L-1、弧菌116.75×103cfu·L-1,干重底泥异养菌157.93×105cfu·g-1、弧菌141.65×103cfu·g-1)在10月份达到峰值。结果说明:水体理化因子的恶化和条件致病微生物的大量增生是青蟹病害爆发的重要原因。Mud crab Scylla serrata is one of the most valuable shellfish and the largest crab fishery in China,which is widely cultured in brackish and seawater ponds along the coast of southeast China.In recent years,mud crab cultured in Niutianyang reclaiming coastal area of Shantou suffered from serious diseases,which resulted in high mortality and great economic loss.To study the relationship between environmental factors and the outbreak of diseases,we carried out a consecutive investigation of water physico-chemical parameters and biological factors from April to December in 2007.It was found that all the investigated factors displayed obvious seasonal variation.In July and August,S.serrata inhabited in a relatively high water temperature（≥28 ℃） and low salinity（≤6）.During the period of disease outbreak（from Sep.to Nov.）,the environmental factors deteriorated.Ammonia-N（235.63 μg·L^-1 and nitrite-N（27.75 μg·L^-1 reached a peak value in September;while nitrate-N（10.85 μg·L^-1phosphate-P（39 μg·L^-1 and biological factors（water heterotrophic bacteria 157.93×105cfu·L^-1,vibrio bacteria 116.75×103cfu·L^-1,sediment heterotrophic bacteria 733.25×105cfu·g-1,vibrio bacteria 141.65×103 cfu·g-1） reached their peak values in October.These results suggested that both the deterioration of environmental factors and the proliferation of conditional pathogens are the important reasons for the outbreak of S.serrata diseases.

关 键 词：锯缘青蟹 病害 环境因子 

分 类 号：S945[农业科学—水产养殖]