红火蚁对荔枝园无脊椎动物群落多样性及稳定性的影响  

Effects of the red imported fire ant (RIFA),Solenopsis invicta Buren,on diversity and stability of invertebrate community in litchi orchards

作　　者：席银宝[1,2] 陆永跃[1] 梁广文[1] 曾玲[1] 许益镌[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室/红火蚁研究中心,广州510642 [2]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第8期2084-2099,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划资助项目(2009CB119200);科技基础性工作专项资助项目(2006FY111000-1);国家自然科学基金资助项目(305712427);广东省科技计划资助项目(2007B020710014;2006A20301005)

摘　　要：对红火蚁发生区和对照区荔枝园无脊椎动物群落多样性的研究表明:红火蚁发生区的荔枝园树冠、地面植被、地表及土壤中的无脊椎动物群落的物种数和个体数都较对照区出现了明显的下降,群落结构特征也发生了明显的变化,群落及各亚群落的物种多样性﹑物种丰富度减小,优势度﹑优势集中性上升,群落由稳定走向波动,群落可侵入性进一步增强。在荔枝树冠,受红火蚁捕食或其它作用影响而明显减少的害虫种类主要是一些鳞翅目幼虫,天敌主要包括广斧螳Hierodulapatellifera(Serville)、锥盾菱猎蝽Isyndus reticulatesSt、中华草蛉Chrysopa sinica Tieder、平腹小蜂Anastatus japonicus、斜纹猫蛛Oxyopessertatus(L.Koch)及白条锯足蛛Runciniaal bostriata Boes.et Str.等。在地面植被上,受红火蚁影响的害虫种类主要是一些鳞翅目夜蛾科的幼虫,天敌种类主要包括中华大刀螳Tenodera aridifolia sinensis、丽眼斑螳Creobroter gemmata(Stoll)、中华草蛉Chrysopasinica Tieder、线纹猫蛛Oxyope slineatipes(L.Koch)及草皮逍遥蛛Philodromus cespitum(Walckenaer)等。但值得注意的是,在红火蚁轻度发生区,地面植被上的四斑月瓢虫Chilomenes quadriplaglata Swartz和六斑月瓢虫Menochilus sexmaculata Fabricius的种群数量却出现增加。在荔枝园地表及土壤中的无脊椎动物中,以步甲﹑隐翅甲等作为生物指示物反映环境条件变化的物种受影响下降明显。但在红火蚁轻度发生区,一些种类(如独角仙Xylotrupes gideon L幼虫)与红火蚁存在互利共生的关系,其数量非但没有减少,反而有所增加,这在一定程度上增加了对荔枝园有害生物防治的难度。相关分析的研究表明,红火蚁种群数量与荔枝园无脊椎动物群落各特征指数存在一定的相关关系,其中与重度发生区地表及土壤无脊椎动物群落各特征指数高度相关。红火蚁发生区无脊椎动物群落多样性的主成分分析表�The invertebrate species and their abundance were investigated in lightly and heavily RIFA infested litchi orchard as well as in noninfested orchard as control in Shenzhen,Guangdong,China from August 2005 to July 2006.The results showed that,in the RIFA-infested litchi orchard,the diversity and abundance of invertebrate communities and sub-communities（insect pests,natural enemies and neutral insects） were lower while the dominance and dominant concentration were signficantly higher,than those in the control litchi orchard.The indices of the invertebrate community and sub-communities fluctuated evidently with time,and were significantly correlated to the population density of RIFA.In the Litchi canopy,the fire ant significantly influenced the occurrence of lepidopteran larvae and the natural enemies including Hierodula patellifera（Serville）,Isyndus reticulates St,Chrysopa sinica Tieder,Anastatus japonicus,Oxyopessertatus（L.Koch）,Runcinia albostriata Boes.et Str..In the ground vegetation,the fire ant also significantly influenced lepidopteran noctuidae larvae insects,and the natural enemies including Tenodera aridifolia sinensis,Creobroter gemmata（Stoll）,Chrysopa sinica Tieder,Oxyopes lineatipes（L.Koch） and Philodromus cespitum（Walckenaer）.however,the individuals of Chilomenes quadriplaglata Swartz and Menochilus sexmaculata Fabricius increased noticeably.Some of ground and soil-dwelling species such as Carabidae and Staphylidae,which are bio-indicators of assessing success of ecological restoration,decreased dramatically.On the contrary,the individuals of Xylotrupes gideon increased steadily,implying that mutualism might exist between S.invicta.and X.gideon.Invertebrate community charicterisic index correlated with RIFA population size tightly,and the impact of RIFA population size on ground and soil-dwelling invertebrate community was stronger than those in ground vegetation-dwelling and canopy-dwelling invertebrate community.The diversity components of the above three kind invertebrate co

关 键 词：红火蚁 无脊椎动物群落 荔枝园 

分 类 号：S186[农业科学—农业基础科学]