土壤耕作及秸秆还田对夏玉米田杂草生物多样性的影响  

Effects of soil tillage and straw returning on weed biodiversity in summer maize (Zea mays) field

作　　者：韩惠芳[1] 宁堂原[1] 田慎重[1] 王瑜[1] 王丙文[1] 仲惟磊[1] 李增嘉[1] 田欣欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第5期1140-1147,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑资助项目(2006BAD15B07;2007BAD89B09-9);2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(200803-028)

摘　　要：于2008年夏玉米(Zea mays)生长期间,在连续5a秸秆全量还田的免耕、旋耕、耙耕、深松和常规耕作试验地中,研究了杂草总密度、优势杂草种类、生物多样性指数、杂草生物量和夏玉米产量。调查共记录杂草种类13种,秸秆全量还田时,免耕显著提高杂草的总密度;无秸秆还田时,常规耕作的杂草密度高于免耕、旋耕、耙耕和深松。秸秆全量还田后,免耕和深松条件下,杂草优势种为马唐和旱稗,旋耕和耙耕条件下为马唐、旱稗和牛筋草;常规耕作条件下,优势杂草为马唐、苘麻、旱稗和香附子。无秸秆还田条件下,免耕和常规耕作增加了杂草优势种的数量。秸秆全量还田后,免耕、耙耕和深松等耕作措施导致杂草群落的物种丰富度及均匀度均较高。无论哪种耕作条件,5a连续秸秆还田能够显著提高夏玉米籽粒产量和生物学产量,其中尤以常规耕作秸秆全量还田处理产量最高,且田间杂草的生物学产量与夏玉米的生物学产量呈显著负相关关系。To investigate the effects of different soil tillage methods on weed density,dominant species,bio-diversity indices and yield of summer maize,the experiment was conducted using a summer maize cultivar ＂Zhengdan 958＂ in 2008 growing season at the Agronomy Station of Shandong Agricultural University.The five soil tillage methods were zero-tillage,rotary-tillage,harrow-tillage,subsoil-tillage,and conventional tillage,respectively.All these soil tillage methods were conducted from 2003 to 2008.A total of 13 weed species were recorded in this investigation.Under the conditions of total crop straw returned,zero-tillage could significantly（LSD,P0.05）increase the weed diversity;In contrast,under the conditions of no crop straw returned,the weed diversity in conventional tillage was much higher than those in zero-tillage,rotary tilling,plowing and raking,and sub soiling,respectively.After total crop straw returned,the weed dominant species in no-tillage and subsoil-tillage were Ditaria sanguinalis（L.）Scop.and Echinochloa hispidula（Retz.）Nees,respectively;in rotary-tillage tilling and harrow-tillage were Ditaria sanguinalis（L.）Scop.,Echinochloa hispidula（Retz.）Nees,and Eleusine indica（L.）Gaertn,respectively;in conventional tillage were Ditaria sanguinalis（L.）Scop.,Abutilon theophrasti Medic.,Echinochloa hispidula（Retz.）Nees,and Cyperus rotundus L.,respectively.Under the conditions of no crop straw returned,the weed dominant species in zero-tillage and conventional tillage were enhanced.Under the conditions of total crop straw returned,zerotillage,harrowtillage,and subsoiltillage could increase species richness and evenness of weed community.The results revealed that long term crop straw returned could significantly（LSD,P0.05）increase the summer maize yield and the weed biomass,especially under the conditions of conventional tillage.The weed biomass above the ground surface was negative correlated with the summer maize.

关 键 词：土壤耕作 秸秆还田 杂草 夏玉米(Zea mays) 生物多样性 产量 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]