干旱胁迫下冬小麦光合产物分配格局及其与产量的关系  

The pattern of photosynthate partitioning in drought-stressed winter wheat and its relationship with yield

作　　者：谷艳芳[1,2] 丁圣彦[1,2] 高志英[2] 邢倩[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学生态科学和技术研究所,河南开封475001 [2]河南大学生命科学学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第5期1167-1173,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大基础研究(973)计划资助项目(2005CB121103);河南省基础前沿资助项目(092300410095)

摘　　要：研究于2005-2006年在中国科学院封丘农田生态试验站防雨棚下进行,在充足供水(W1)、轻度干旱(W2)和严重干旱(W3)条件下,研究冬小麦周麦18(Zhoumai18)和济麦20(Jimai20)干物质积累和分配、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量及其与产量形成的关系。结果显示,随着干旱胁迫程度加重,两个品种冬小麦干物质积累下降,光合产物分配格局改变。干旱胁迫导致花前叶片分配指数下降、茎和叶鞘分配指数上升,花后穗分配指数上升。干旱胁迫下冬小麦拔节期茎WSC减少,但孕穗期、开花期各器官WSC均增加。相关分析表明,冬小麦千粒重与孕穗期、开花期茎和根WSC,与开花期叶片干重显著正相关(P<0.05);穗粒数与拔节期茎WSC极显著正相关(P<0.01),与开花期茎和叶片干重显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究认为拔节期是冬小麦需水关键期,干旱胁迫能促进光合产物向当时生长中心分配,不同生育期茎WSC是冬小麦抗旱育种的重要生理生态指标之一。Using of winter wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）cultivars（Zhoumai18 and Jimai20）as experimental material,dry matter（DW）accumulation and partitioning pattern,water-solution carbohydrates content（WSC）and yield factors including grain number（GN）and thousnd-grain weight（TGW）were investigated under well watered（W1）,slight drought（W2）and severe drought（W3）conditions at Fenqiu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences in year 2005-2006.The results showed that DW accumulation significantly decreased while the partitioning coefficient values increased for leaf,stem and sheath at the pre-anthesis stage,and for spike at the post-anthesis stage under drought stress.The stem WSC decreased at the jointing stage,but leaf,sheath,stem and root WSC increased during the booting and anthesis stages.The TGW of both cultivars was positively correlated with stem and root WSC at the booting and anthesis stages,and with leaf DW at anthesis atages（P0.05）.The GN was positively correlated well with stem WSC at the jointing stage（P0.01）,and with stem and leaf DW at the anthesis stage（P0.05）.These results reach a conclusion that the jointing stage appeared to be a crucial water-requiring phase.Drought stress led to photosynthate translocation toward growth centers.Stem WSC appeared to be a indicative parameter for drought resistance breeding work.

关 键 词：光合产物 干物质 可溶性碳水化合物 冬小麦 干旱 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]