茂兰喀斯特森林群落的种间分离特征  

Interspecific segregation of old-growth Karst forests in Maolan,Southwest China

作　　者：张忠华[1] 胡刚[2] 倪健[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510006 [3]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第9期2235-2245,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展973计划资助项目(2006CB403207)

摘　　要：种间分离的研究对于揭示种间相互作用、群落组成与动态具有重要意义。为分析喀斯特原生性森林群落种间的分离特征,进而探讨喀斯特生境上物种的共存机制,以茂兰国家级自然保护区分布的亚热带区域原生性较强的典型常绿阔叶落叶混交林为研究对象,以建立的2块1hm2(100m×100m)样地群落学调查数据为基础,借助ArcG IS软件的空间分析功能,判定每个个体的最近邻体植株的种类与距离。在此基础上,采用N×N最近邻体列联表及其截表的方法,应用P ielou的分离指数量化了2块样地中各43个树种(多度≥20)的种间分离状况。研究结果表明:两种喀斯特森林群落类型中物种均以随机毗邻种对占优势(P1和P2样地分别为60.91%和63.34%),正分离种对次之(分别为38.76%和35.66%),负分离种对极少(分别为0.33%和1.0%),这种种间分离特征表明种间竞争排除作用减弱,群落已趋于稳定,反映出该森林正处于相对稳定的顶极状态。根据种间分离情况以及物种对环境的适应方式,将两个样地各43个物种分别划分为3个生态种组,各组间物种的生态学特性以及对生境的偏好存在明显差异。种间的分离特征与喀斯特森林高度的生境异质性明显相关,分布在不同生境类型上的物种间大多呈现正分离,而具有相似生境要求或分布广泛的物种间易形成随机毗邻或负分离,这一特征为群落中多物种的稳定共存提供了更大的可能性。因此,以生境的高度分化为基础的种间关系可能是喀斯特森林多物种稳定共存的重要机制之一。The segregation relationship between different species pairs is helpful for revealing the phenomena of species interactions,community structure and dynamics.It can be used to explore the impacts of environmental differences on species distribution.Practically,such study is the scientific fundamental of species conservation and restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems.The Karst forest in Maolan National Natural Reserve of Guizhou Province,southwestern China is a rare,original forest remnant in the mid-subtropics of the world.However,little is known about the interspecific relationship of the species.In order to investigate the interspecific segregation characteristics of the species in karst forest,so as to discuss the mechanism of species coexistence on Karst habitat,We set up two plots of 1hm2（named P1 and P2,respectively） in two old-growth,evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed Karst forests in Maolan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou Province of SW China.All woody species with the diameter at breast height（DBH） ≥1cm were identified and surveyed.The distribution map of 43 tree species with abundance ≥20 individuals from two Karst forest communities were drawn using the Geographical Information System software（ArcGIS）.The nearest neighbors of each individual and the distances between every individual-neighbor pair were obtained by using ArcGIS＇s extension module.The interspecific segregation in the multi-species community was then analyzed using a sub-table method of a N×N nearest-neighbor contingency table.The Pielou′s coefficient of segregation（S） was adopted to measure the segregated degree between two species.The results show that segregation relations between most of the species are random in two karst forest communities（60.91% and 63.34%,respectively）.Some species pairs are positively segregated（38.76% and 35.66%,respectively） and a few pairs are negatively segregated（0.33% and 1.0%,respectively）.Our results support the Pielou′s opinion that negative segrega

关 键 词：喀斯特森林 种间分离 Pielou分离指数 生态种组 物种共存 茂兰 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]