海草床恢复研究进展  

Review on research of seagrass beds restoration

作　　者：李森[1,2] 范航清[1,2] 邱广龙[1] 石雅君[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西科学院广西红树林研究中心,北海536000 [2]广西大学林学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第9期2443-2453,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广西科学基金资助项目(桂科基0832030);广西大学人才引进专项资助项目(2008);广西红树林保护重点实验室主任基金资助项目(科桂能071090077);联合国开发计划署全球环境基金项目资助(SCCBD/CPR/02/31)

摘　　要：海草床是热带和温带重要的海洋生态系统,是许多海洋动物的栖息地、生存场所和食物来源地,具有重要的生态系统服务价值。20世纪以来,全世界的海草床衰退严重,仅1993年到2003年间约有2.6×104km2消失,达到15%,开展海草床的生态恢复已迫在眉睫。总结了海草床衰退的原因及恢复的主要方法。海草床衰退的原因包括自然灾害和人类活动的影响。海草床恢复的方法包括生境恢复法、种子法和移植法。移植法是目前最常用的方法,可分为草皮法、草块法和根状茎法。比较了各方法的优缺点,即(1)生境恢复法投入少、代价低,但周期长;(2)种子法破坏小,但种子难收集、易丧失、萌发率低;(3)草块法成活率高,但对原海草床有破坏作用;(4)根状茎法节约种源,但固定困难。因此,海草床恢复的具体方法取决于种源地、移植地及恢复的目标。我国的海草研究与恢复尚处在起始阶段,移植法应是目前我国海草床恢复的首选方法。就未来我国海草恢复的关键技术和研究重点提出了建议。Seagrass beds are an important marine ecosystem in both tropical and temperate zones.Seagrasses provide habitat and feeding areas for a diverse marine fauna,yielding a significant value of ecological services.Seagrass beds have declined rapidly worldwide in the past half century;about 2.6×104 km2 of seagrass beds,accounting for 15% of the estimated total,were lost between 1993 and 2003.Planning for seagrass bed restoration is urgently needed at present.In this paper the causes for the decline of seagrass beds are summarized and the main methods for seagrass bed restoration are reviewed.Natural disasters and human activities have resulted in the decline.Important restoration methods for seagrass beds include habitat enhancement,seeding and transplantation.There are three types of transplantation： sods,plugs and shoots with rhizomes.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are：（1） the habitat enhancement generally costs less but needs a comparatively long period;（2） the seeding method exerts less negative effect on donor beds compared with other restoration methods,although seagrass seeds are difficult to collect and establish;（3） the plug method of transplantation has a high survival rate,but donor beds suffer negative impacts to some extent;（4） less vegetative materials are needed for bare rhizome transplanting,but it can be difficult to anchor the shoot with its attached rhizome into sediment.The condition of both the seagrass source bed and the restoration site,as well as the purpose of restoration should be taken into account when choosing a restoration method.Considering the current situation in China,transplanting of seagrasses is the preferred method of restoration in China＇s seagrass beds.Research emphases in the future and prospects for seagrass restoration in China are explored.

关 键 词：海草床 恢复 综述 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]