氮磷钾营养水平对观赏向日葵生长发育及光合特性的影响  

Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Helianthus annuus with Different Nutrients Levels

作　　者：曾琳[1] 王更亮[1] 王广东[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第6期1180-1185,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

摘　　要：以观赏向日葵品种‘富阳’为材料,采用3因素3水平的盆栽正交试验研究了氮磷钾用量配比对向日葵生长发育及光合作用的影响,以筛选最适宜的营养液配方。结果显示:在试验条件下,氮对观赏向日葵营养生长影响最大,尤其对株高有显著影响;磷对其生殖生长有显著影响,在120 mg/L磷水平下最早进入开花期;钾对其生长无显著影响。氮对观赏向日葵光合特性的影响最大,对净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔限制值的影响均达到显著水平,在试验条件下以280 mg/L氮施用量促进作用最为明显;磷对向日葵叶片光合参数无显著影响;钾对叶片气孔导度、叶绿素a、叶绿素总量影响显著,并以200 mg/L钾水平最为明显。研究表明,氮、磷、钾营养合理配施能有效改善观赏向日葵光合特性,提高光合速率,本试验条件下促进观赏向日葵生长发育及光合效率的最佳氮、磷、钾配比为N3∶P2∶K2=14∶3∶10。With ornamental experimental design with three factors including N,P,K nutrients at three levels to determine the effects of N,P,K nutrients on the growth and photosynthetic ability of ornamental Helianthus annuus variety ＇Fuyang＇ and obtain the most suitable nutrient solution formulation.The results indicated that under the condition of this experiment,N was the most important factor influencing the growth and development,especially to the height of plant,P had a significant influence to the reproductive growth,with the treatment of 120 mg/L.Pants under this P level are firstly flowering.K had no significant influence;the photosynthetic ability of helianthus,including the net photosynthesis rate（Pn）,intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）,transpiration rate（Tr） and stomatal limitation（Ls）,was remarkably affected by N and treatment with 280 mg/L gave the best effects.P effects on all character of photosynthetic parameters was not significant.K effects on stomatal conductance（Gs）,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a＋b were significant and the most significant effects shown when the K concentration reached 200 mg/L.Therefore,N,P,K fertilizer can be reasonably effective in improving ornamental H.annuus photosynthesis and photosyntheric rate and under the experimental conditions for ornamental H.annuus growth and photosynthesis efficiency of the best nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratio is N3∶P2∶K2=14∶3∶10.

关 键 词：观赏向日葵 N、P、K营养 光合特性 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]