A distributed surface energy and mass balance model and its application to a mountain glacier in China  

作　　者：JIANG Xi WANG NingLian HE JianQiao WU XiaoBo SONG GaoJu 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University oflnformation Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044 China [2]State Key Laboratory of Cryospherie Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2010年第20期2079-2087,共9页

基　　金：supported by the Innovation Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZXC2-YW- 310);the National Basic Research Program of China(2005CB422003);the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholar(40525001),the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40901041,40903056 and 40871038);National Special Basic Research Fund for the Glacier Resources and Glacier Change Survey(2006FY-1102007);the Western Light Talent Culture Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(290928601)

摘　　要：Based on the field observations on Qiyi Glacier during the warm season of 2007,using a digital elevation model(DEM,15 m resolution),we developed a distributed surface energy-and mass-balance model with an hourly resolution.The model described the effect of topography on shortwave solar radiation,and used a new parameterization for glacier albedo.The model was applied to Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountain,China,for the period 20:00 30 June to 12:00 10 October 2007,to simulate the firn-line changes,the temporal and spatial variations of mass balance,and the glacial meltwater runoff.The results indicated that the patterns of altitudinal profile of glacier mass-balance were affected mainly by the altitudinal profile of albedo,and the status of the glacier mass balance was influenced directly by the values of albedo.The parameter sensitivity test showed that the model was sensitive to the air temperature lapse rate and precipitation gradient,and also sensitive to the threshold temperature for solid/liquid precipitation.Furthermore,the climate sensitivity test showed that the mass balance was more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation,and the response of mass balance to air temperature change was nonlinear while the response to precipitation change linearly.The negative mass balance trend of the glacier can not be reversed when precipitation increases by 20%and meanwhile air temperature rises by 1°C.Based on the field observations on Qiyi Glacier during the warm season of 2007, using a digital elevation model （DEM, 15 m resolution）, we developed a distributed surface energy- and mass-balance model with an hourly resolution. The model described the effect of topography on shortwave solar radiation, and used a new parameterization for glacier albedo. The model was applied to Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountain, China, for the period 20 ： 00 30 June to 12 ： 00 10 October 2007, to simulate the firn-line changes, the temporal and spatial variations of mass balance, and the glacial meltwater runoff. The results indicated that the pat- terns of altitudinal profile of glacier mass-balance were affected mainly by the altitudinal profile of albedo, and the status of the glacier mass balance was influenced directly by the values of albedo. The parameter sensitivity test showed that the model was sensitive to the air temperature lapse rate and precipitation gradient, and also sensitive to the threshold temperature for solid/liquid precipitation. Furthermore, the climate sensitivity test showed that the mass balance was more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, and the response of mass balance to air temperature change was nonlinear while the response to precipitation change linearly. The negative mass balance trend of the glacier can not be reversed when precipitation increases by 20% and meanwhile air temperature rises by 1℃. Qiyi Glacier, distributed energy and mass balance model, glacier albedo, mass balance-altitude profile, meltwater runoff, sensitivity test

关 键 词：平衡模型 表面能量 分布式 冰川 山地 中国 应用 质量 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]