川藏公路南线泥石流坝溃决洪水过程试验研究  

Experimental Study on Process of Flood Triggered by Debris-flow Dam Break Along South Section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway

作　　者：郭国和[1] 吴国雄[2] 程尊兰[3] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学交通运输工程学院,上海201804 [2]重庆交通大学土木建筑学院,重庆400074 [3]中国科学院地表过程与动力学重点试验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第3期1-5,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"西藏东南部冰湖溃决泥石流的形成机制"(40771024);西部交通建设科技项目"川藏公路南线然乌至培龙段冰湖型泥石流坝溃决预警技术研究"(200631879284)

摘　　要：川藏公路南线(西藏境内)由于区域地质地貌和气候环境条件的特殊性,近几十年来曾多次发生泥石流堵溃事件,坝体溃决所产生的洪水给下游造成了灾难性破坏。根据13组室内泥石流坝溃决模型试验对洪水流量过程进行研究发现,对流量影响最大的是堵塞坝的溃决形式,即重力再启动形式的溃决洪峰流量最大,水力再启动次之,冲刷型溃决最小;溃坝洪水洪峰流量与上游来水量流量成正比关系。溃决过程中的洪峰位置出现在库区水下泄30%～50%的时候;不论哪种形式溃决,洪峰在时间轴上的位置主要集中在整个洪水历时的1/3处。该研究可以为泥石流坝溃决洪水预测和下游综合避险减灾提供参考。Because the natural and geological environment along the south section of Sichuan-Tibet highway （in Tibet） is unique and fragile,debris flow in the area has repeatedly blocked off the mainstream,forming huge dams,and the outburst floods have caused catastrophic damages to the downstream in the recent decades.13 groups of indoor dam-break flood model tests were constructed to study the induced flood routing.It is found that the most important factor affecting the discharge of the outburst flood is the developing form of the breach,of which the gravitational initiation causes the largest discharge,followed by hydraulic initiation,and the least one is gradual erosion.The flood discharge and the upstream discharge show the linear relationship approximately.The flood peak occurs when 30%～50% of the reservoir capacity is effused and the time of flood peak in the timeline concentrates on about 1/3 of the entire flood duration,no matter what the breach type is.The study can provide a reference to the prediction of debris flow dam-break flood and is beneficial to the comprehensive disaster mitigation in the downstream areas.

关 键 词：川藏公路 泥石流坝 模型试验 溃决 洪水过程 

分 类 号：U416.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]