地膜覆盖及施用有机肥对地温及冬小麦水分利用的影响  

Effects of Plastic Mulch and Manure on Soil Temperature and Water Consumption of Winter Wheat

作　　者：陈玉华[1] 张岁岐[1,2] 田海燕[1] 陈炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第3期59-63,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"项目)"主要粮食作物高产栽培与资源高效利用的基础研究"(2009CB118604);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目"根系吸水对植物高效用水的调控"(NCET-06-0869)

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下,研究了地膜覆盖及施用有机肥对地温及冬小麦水分利用的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖及施用有机肥的增温效应主要表现在冬小麦的生育前期,单覆地膜的增温效应先于并且高于单施有机肥;后期仅在地表表现明显,单施有机肥的增温效应高于单覆地膜。地膜覆盖及施用有机肥通过显著增加拔节—开花期的耗水,显著增加了总耗水量,并提高了产量和水分利用效率。单覆地膜的增温、节水、增产及水分利用效率均高于单施有机肥。地膜小麦施用有机肥后,生育前期的增温效应有所减弱,生育后期增温效应反而增强,同时苗期耗水量减少;总耗水量少量增加(3.5%)却大幅度提高了产量(10.6%)和水分利用效率(7.6%)。从增施有机肥对地膜小麦的地温和水分利用的影响来看,增施有机肥可以控制地膜小麦冬前苗期的过旺生长,但在成熟期却又促进了地膜小麦的衰老。In order to investigate the effects of plastic mulch on soil temperature and water consumption of winter wheat on dry-land,a field experiment was carried out.Results indicated that plastic mulch and manure increased soil temperature obviously at early growth stage and the effect only appeared on soil surface obviously at latter growth stage.Single plastic mulch had better effect in increasing soil temperature and was more previous compared with single manure at early growth stage,while single manure had higher temperature than single plastic mulch at latter growth stage.Plastic mulch and manure improved not only water consumption of wheat significantly through increasing water consumption from jointing to anthesis,but also yield and the WUE.Single plastic mulch had better effects in increasing soil temperature,saving water,and increasing yield and the WUE compared with single manure.Mixture of manure and plastic mulch reduced the effect in increasing soil temperature by plastic mulch at early growth stage and improved the effects at latter growth stage,reduced water consumption at seedling stage,and improved water consumption of mulch-covered wheat （3.5%） weakly,while yield and the WUE were increased sharply by 10.6% and 7.6%,respectively.By the influences of manure applied on soil temperature and water consumption of mulch-covered wheat,manure can regulate exuberant growth of mulch-covered wheat before winter,but promote mulch-covered wheat＇s senescence during maturity stage.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 有机肥 旱作冬小麦 地温 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S152.8[农业科学—农业基础科学]