农林复合措施保土保肥试验分析  

Test Analysis of Agro-forestry Measure in Soil and Nutrient Conservation

作　　者：胡宏祥[1] 朱小红[1] 严平[1] 马友华[1] 周俊[1] 李道林[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2010年第3期83-86,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技部科技支撑计划项目"沿巢湖地区农田养分污染减控与面源污染防控研究与示范"(2007BAD87B06);国家水污染控制与治理科技重大专项"受农业面源污染入湖河流污染控制与生态修复技术及工程示范"(2009ZX07103-002);安徽省115创新团队资助"巢湖流域农业面源污染及治理";安徽农业大学稳定和引进人才科研资助项目"沟渠生态拦截对农业面源污染物氮磷输出影响的研究"

摘　　要：在安徽省开展了4组农林复合间作试验。结果表明,等高种植和棉花可明显降低径流中氮、磷的流失,其中等高种植山芋的径流中全氮、全磷分别为10.481mg/L和0.122mg/L,顺坡种植山芋的径流中全氮、全磷则分别为43.112mg/L和0.285mg/L;等高种植棉花的径流中全氮、全磷分别为3.779mg/L和0.109mg/L,顺坡种植棉花的径流中全氮全磷则分别为38.980mg/L和0.288mg/L。沟渠拦截了径流和泥沙,也拦截了水土携带的氮、磷,观察期间,沟渠拦截1号至4号地块径流中氮素总量分别为575.09,631.18,199.45,710.05mg,磷素总量分别为54.54,21.42,23.24,30.13mg;沟渠拦截1号至4号地块流失泥沙中氮素总量分别为3.00,2.95,1.07,3.35g,磷素总量分别为0.80,0.67,0.21,0.69g。山芋—杨树—棉花—杨树复合间作明显降低了农田水土和氮、磷流失量,观察期间,山芋—杨树—棉花—杨树复合间作的径流量和流失泥沙量分别为2623cm3/m2和17.31g/m2,而单一山芋种植下为3138cm3/m2和19.76g/m2,单一棉花种植下为2658cm3/m2和17.87g/m2;山芋和棉花单位面积产生径流中氮磷平均值分别为17.88mg/m2和0.25mg/m2,泥沙中氮磷平均值分别为21.30mg/m2和5.24mg/m2,而山芋—杨树—棉花—杨树复合间作的对应径流和泥沙中氮磷值分别为14.23,0.22,20.08,4.85mg/m2。农林复合生产与沟渠拦截对保土保肥和防控农业面源污染,具有重要的作用。Four groups of agro-forestry intercropping trials were carried out in Anhui Province.Results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff was significantly reduced by contour cultivation of sweet potato and cotton as compared with longitudinal cultivation.The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff were 10.481 and 0.122 mg/L in contour cultivation of sweet potato,while they were 43.112 and 0.285 mg/L in downslope cultivation,respectively.The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff were 3.779 and 0.109 mg/L in contour cultivation of cotton,while they were 38.980 and 0.288 mg/L in downslope cultivation,respectively.Ditches not only intercepted runoff and sediment,but also reduced the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus carried by water and sediment.In observation period,ditches intercepted the loss of nitrogen （575.09,631.18,199.45,and 710.05 mg in 1 to 4 plots） and the loss of phosphorus （54.54,21.42,23.24,and 30.13 mg in 1 to 4 plots） in runoff.Ditches also intercepted the loss of nitrogen （3.00,2.95,1.07,and 3.35g in 1 to 4 plots） and the loss of phosphorus （0.80,0.67,0.21,and 0.69 g in 1 to 4 plots） in sediment.Sweet potato-poplar-cotton-poplar intercropping not only significantly reduced soil and water loss,but also reduced the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus loss.The losses of water and soil in sweet potato-poplar-cotton-poplar intercropping were 2623 and 17.31 g/m2,while in single sweet potato-growing,they were 3138 and 19.76 g/m2 and in single cotton-growing,2658 and 17.87 g/m2,respectively.In sweet potato and cotton,the averaged losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff were 17.88 and 0.25 mg/m2,while in sediment,21.30 and 5.24 mg/m2,respectively.In sweet potato-poplar-cotton-poplar intercropping,losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff were 14.23 and 0.22 mg/m2,and in sediment,20.08 and 4.85 mg/m2,respectively.Agro-forestry production and eco-ditch measure have important roles in preserving water,soil,and nutrient and controlling agricultural non-point source polluti

关 键 词：农林复合 沟渠拦截 径流 泥沙 氮磷 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] X824[农业科学—农业基础科学]