国际贸易中的隐含碳排放核算及贸易调整后的国家温室气体排放  

Emissions Embodied in International Trade and Trade Adjustment to National GHG Inventory

作　　者：周新 

机构地区：[1]日本地球环境战略研究所(IGES)

出　　处：《管理评论》2010年第6期17-24,共8页Management Review

基　　金：日本地球环境战略研究所战略研究基金;日本学术振兴会科学研究费补助金

摘　　要：国家温室气体排放清单的制定中没有考虑国际贸易中附加的碳排放。根据《京都议定书》,发达国家承诺以1990年排放量为基础的5%的削减目标,发展中国家没有减排义务。通过国际贸易,发达国家实现减排的同时,可能引起发展中国家碳排放量增加,影响《京都议定书》实施的有效性。针对国际贸易所引起的"碳泄漏"问题,本文应用多区域投入产出分析,对包括中国在内的十个国家或地区的国际贸易中隐含的碳排放(embodied emissions)进行了核算。分别通过"消费者污染负担"原则,及"生产者与消费者共同负担"原则,重新试算了各国或地区的温室气体排放量。结果表明,美国为贸易中隐含碳排放的最大净进口国(464Mt-CO2),日本次之(191Mt-CO2),中国为最大净出口国(452Mt-CO2)。Current national GHG inventory does not consider emissions embodied in international trade. According to the Kyoto Protocol, industrialised countries have committed to collectively reduce their GHG emissions to an average of 5% against 1990 levels. The Protocol does not commit developing countries to do so. Emissions reduced in Annex I countries through offshore carbon-intensive production and international trade will, however, generate elsewhere, in particular from developing countries. This potential trend of relocation will influence the effectiveness of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. To address the issue of carbon leakage caused by international trade, we apply a multi-region input-output model to calculate emissions embodied in ten selected economies including China. Based on two responsibility principles, viz. consumer responsibility and shared producer and consumer responsibility, national GHG inventories are adjusted for trade to generate national responsible emissions account. The results indicate that the USA had the biggest net imports of embodied carbon （464 Mt-CO2）, followed by Japan （191 Mt-CO2）. China had the biggest net exports in terms of embodied emissions（452 Mr-CO2）. K

关 键 词：隐含碳排放 国际贸易 “碳泄漏” “生产者污染负担”原则 “消费者污染负担”原则 多区域投入产出模型 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]