1991-2007年浙江省奉化市新生儿普种乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗17年预防效果评估  

Surveillance of the effects of preventing hepatitis B on the universal vaccination of newborns against hepatitis B in Fenghua in the past seventeen years

作　　者：王海明[1] 徐永范[1] 冯伟[1] 曹云生[1] 孙静[1] 夏颖苹[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省奉化市疾病预防控制中心,浙江奉化315500

出　　处：《疾病监测》2010年第4期275-278,共4页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的分析浙江省奉化市新生儿接种乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)17年后预防乙肝的效果。方法对1991-2007年奉化市乙肝疫情分为早期(1991-1993年)、中期(1994-2000年)和近期(2001-2007年)进行比较;以奉化市承担全国1992年(新生儿接种HepB刚开始2年)和2006年(儿童接种HepB已17年)二次乙肝血清学调查的乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率和乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率进行比较。结果 15岁以下儿童HBsAg阳性率和乙肝发病率分别下降89.49%和87.70%,1～4岁儿童抗-HBs阳性率上升1.05倍;1～4岁、5～9岁、10～14岁儿童乙肝发病率中期比早期分别下降85.00%、66.05%和30.20%,近期又比中期分别下降50.27%、73.64%和58.72%。结论新生儿接种HepB对降低HBsAg阳性率和乙肝发病率效果明显;为实现全国乙肝防治规划,建议对儿童进行HepB加强接种和对15～30岁青少年普种HepB。Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination among newborns 17 years ago.MethodsThe data on epidemic of hepatitis B in Fenghua,categorized into the early period （1991-1993）,the intermediate period （1994-2000） and the recent period （2001-2007）,were comparatively studied.The positive rates of hepatitis B virus surface antigens （HBsAg） and surface antibodies （anti-HBs） in 1992,two years after the vaccination of newborns,and in 2006 after the passage of seventeen years since the vaccination,were compared.Results The HBsAg positive rate and incidence of hepatitis B dropped 89.49% and 87.70%,respectively,among children younger than 15 years.The anti-HBs positive rate increased 105% among children aged 1-4 years.For children aged 1-4 years,5-9 years and 10-14 years groups,the incidence rates of hepatitis B decreased by 85.00%,66.05% and 30.20% in the intermediate period as compared to those in the early period,and decreased by 50.27%,73.64% and 58.72% in the recent period as compared to those in the intermediate period.Conclusion The positive rates of HBsAg and incidence of hepatitis B had been significantly reduced due to universal vaccination for newborns against hepatitis B.Therefore,it is highly recommended to initiate booster inoculation against hepatitis for children and universal hepatitis B vaccination among youths aged 15-30 years clinging to the national planning of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.

关 键 词：乙肝疫苗 HBSAG 抗-HBS 乙肝发病率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]