输电线路防雷分析分形模型及其统计特性  

Fractal Model and Statistical Characteristics of Lightning Protection Analysis of Transmission Line

作　　者：何金良[1] 董林[1] 张薛巍[1] 曾嵘[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学电机系电力系统国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《高电压技术》2010年第6期1333-1340,共8页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50737001);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2009CB724504)~~

摘　　要：随着特高压电网的建设和发展,绕击已成为造成线路跳闸的主要原因,输电线路的防雷分析成为线路设计需要考虑的关键问题之一。目前主要有3种雷电分析模型,它们用不同的方法来描述雷电的发展过程。电气几何模型和先导发展模型分别给出了不同的雷电先导的发展机制并被广泛应用,雷电的分形模型由于其在唯象层次上与实际雷电的相似性而被一些学者采用。然而,由于雷电放电的随机性,需要用统计学的方法来进行输电线路防雷性能的评估。为此采用分形模型模拟了先导的发展过程,以特定的输电线路为例,从统计学角度上对分形模型进行了分析,对先导发展过程中不同空间阶段的统计结果进行了分析和讨论,并且与传统的电气几何模型以及先导发展模型进行了对比。结果表明,造成各种模型不同结果的关键原因在于其对雷电发展机制的描述各不相同,并由此导致了先导发展过程统计特征的不同。分形模型不仅能够给出逼真的先导通道图形,而且能够从统计学意义上对一些不合理的侧面绕击现象作出解释。How to accurately evaluate the lightning protection property of transmission line has become one of the key points in transmission line design.At present,there are mainly three kinds of lightning analysis models,which present different description for the propagating progress of lightning leader.The electromagnetic model （EGM） and the leader progression model （LPM） are proposed for different developing mechanisms of lightning leader respectively,and the fractal model （FRM） is adopted by researchers due to its similarity in external appearance to natural lightning.However,as a result of the randomness of lightning discharge,it’s necessary to introduce statistical methods into the evaluation of lightning performance of transmission lines.Consequently,we introduced the fractal model to simulate the developing process of the lightning leader,and taking a certain transmission line as an example,we presented some results in terms of statistics.Moreover,we proposed the discussion and analysis for the statistical results of different spatial stages during the development of lightning leader.At last,comparisons were made with EGM and LPM.

关 键 词：输电线路 统计学分析 雷电模拟 直击雷 落点分布 分形 

分 类 号：TM862[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]