“共同但有区别的责任”原则的适用及其限制——《哥本哈根协议》和中国气候变化法律与政策  

Copenhagen Accord:an Application of the Principle of "Common but Differentiated Responsibility"

作　　者：王小钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2010年第7期80-89,共10页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目"风险社会视域中的环境正义:环境法的角色及其限制"(项目批准号:07JC820003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在减缓承诺、资金机制与衡量、报告和核实等三个方面,《哥本哈根协议》坚持了"共同但有区别的责任"原则,但在强化"共同责任"的同时弱化了"区别责任"。"共同责任"来源于"不损害国外环境"原则和"人类共同关切事项"概念。"区别责任"来源于发达国家的巨额排放和能力优势。"共同但有区别的责任"原则的适用受到"生态空间的再分配"目标的支持,然而可能受到"防止气候系统受到危险的人为干扰"目标的限制。因此,我国应当形成和发展不损害人类共同环境利益并且促使中国人能够过"善的生活"的气候变化法律与政策。In the aspects of mitigation commitments,financing mechanism and measurement,reporting & verification(MRV),Copenhagen Accord adheres to the Principle of'Common but Differentiated Responsibilities'(CBDR),while it strengthens 'Common Responsibilities' and weakens 'Differentiated Responsibilities'.'Common Responsibilities' derives from the principle of no trans-boundary harm and the concept of Common Concern of Mankind.And'Differentiated Responsibilities'derives from'historical and current contributions'and'technology and finance resources'of developed countries.The application of the CBDR principle is supported by the object of'the redistribution of ecological space',but limited by the purpose of 'preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system'.Therefore,China should shape and develop laws and policies on climate change that cause no harm to human common environmental interests and enable Chinese citizen to lead a'good life'.

关 键 词：气候变化 哥本哈根协议 共同但有区别的责任 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]