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作 者:王田涛[1] 师尚礼[1] 张恩和 王琦[1,3] 刘青林 刘朝巍 尹辉[1]
机构地区:[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业未学农学院,兰州730070 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室和青藏高原冰冻圈观测试验研究站,兰州730000
出 处:《生态学杂志》2010年第7期1301-1306,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology
基 金:国家科技支撑计划“十一五”项目(2006BAD04A04,2007BAD52B06);国家牧草产业技术体系专项资助项目
摘 要:在甘肃省河西绿洲灌区石羊河流域设计大田试验,研究了不同灌溉量[常规灌溉(330mm)、节水20%灌溉(264mm)和节水40%灌溉(198mm)]和施氮量(0、40、80和120kgN.hm-2)对紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa)株高、干草产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:灌溉与施氮对紫花苜蓿植株高度产生一定的影响,但其效果不明显;各茬紫花苜蓿干草产量随灌溉量增加而增加,不同灌溉之间的干草产量相差显著,节水40%灌溉、节水20%灌溉和常规灌溉的全生育期(3茬)平均干草产量分别为7232、7603和7796kg.hm-2;节水40%灌溉的水分利用效率(15.56kg.hm-2.mm-1)显著高于节水20%灌溉(13.86kg.hm-2.mm-1),节水20%灌溉的水分利用效率显著高于常规灌溉(12.60kg.hm-2.mm-1),水分利用效率随灌溉量增加而显著降低;当施氮量达到40kgN.hm-2时,紫花苜蓿干草产量(8223kg.hm-2)和水分利用效率(15.18kg.hm-2.mm-1)达到最大值,总干草产量比0、80和120kgN.hm-2施氮处理分别提高15%、16%和7%,水分利用效率分别提高14%、14%和8%。在河西绿洲灌区石羊河流域第一年种植紫花苜蓿,从经济、生态和环境方面考虑,节水40%灌溉和施氮40kgN.hm-2处理是较高干草产量和高水分利用效率取得一致的处理,应大面积推广。A field experiment was conducted in Hexi oasis of Gansu Province to study the effects of different irrigation amount (conventional irrigation,330 mm;20% water-saving irrigation,264 mm;and 40% water-saving irrigation,198 mm) and N application rate (0,40,80,and 120 kg N·hm-2) on the plant height,hay yield,and water use efficiency (WUE) of Medicago sativa.Under the experimental condition,both irrigation and N fertilization had no significant effects on the plant height of M.sativa.However,irrigation had significant effects on the hay yield,which was increased with increasing irrigation amount,being 7232,7603,and 7796 kg·hm-2 under 40% water-saving irrigation,20% water-saving irrigation,and conventional irrigation,respectively,and there existed significant differences between the treatments.Irrigation also had significant effects on the WUE of M.sativa,which was decreased with increasing irrigation amount,being 15.56,13.86,and 12.60 kg·hm-2·mm-1 under 40% water-saving irrigation,20% water-saving irrigation,and conventional irrigation,respectively,and the difference between the treatments was significant.When the N application rate was 40 kg N·hm-2,the total hay yield (8223 kg·hm-2) and the WUE of M.sativa (15.18 kg·mm-1·hm-2) reached the maximum,and the increment of hay yield and WUE was 15% and 14%,16% and 14%,and 7% and 8% higher than that when the N application rate was 0,80,and 120 kg N·hm-2,respectively.From the viewpoints of economic return,ecology,and environment,it was considered that 40% water-saving irrigation combined with 40 kg N·hm-2 N supply would be the best choice for the first year of M.sativa planting in Hexi oasis of Gansu Province.
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