补充灌溉及氮磷配施对冬小麦产量形成和水氮利用的影响  

Effects of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen-and phosphorus fertilization on yield formation and soil water-and nitrogen use of winter wheat

作　　者：张益望[1,2] 刘文兆[1,3] 王俊[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北大学城市与资源学系,西安710127

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第7期1307-1313,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-424);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室专项经费资助项目(10502-Z10)

摘　　要：采用裂区试验设计,对黄土塬区补充灌溉及不同氮磷配施条件下麦田土壤水分利用、氮素吸收及作物产量等进行了研究。结果表明:试验年份补充灌溉及氮磷配施分别提高冬小麦籽粒产量0～24.6%和134.1%～240.2%,方差分析表明,施氮是籽粒产量提高的主要因素,补充灌溉及施磷作用不显著;补充灌溉及不同施氮水平均显著增加冬小麦耗水量,补充灌溉能在一定程度减少冬小麦对土壤储水的利用,而氮磷配施显著增加土壤储水的消耗;补充灌溉处理水分利用效率(WUE)较雨养处理降低0.2～2.3kg.mm-1.hm-2,但差异不显著,氮磷配施WUE较对照提高4.0～7.2kg.mm-1.hm-2,达显著水平;冬小麦氮素积累量受施氮水平影响显著,低氮和高氮处理氮素积累量较对照分别增加26.9～33.4kg.hm-2和60.9～66kg.hm-2;补充灌溉能够促进地上部氮素吸收。本试验表明,补充灌溉与高氮高磷组合处理可获得高产及较高的水分利用效率;在底墒充足的平水年,影响研究区域作物产量、水分利用效率及氮素吸收等的主要因素是施氮水平。A split plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen （N）-and phosphorus （P） fertilization on the soil water utilization,N uptake,and grain yield of Triticum aestivum on loess tableland.In the study year,supplemental irrigation and N-and P fertilization increased the grain yield of T.aestivum by 0-24.6% and 134.1%-240.2%,respectively.Nitrogen fertilization was the main factor in improving the grain yield of T.aestivum,while supplemental irrigation and P fertilization had little effects.Supplemental irrigation and N fertilization increased the water consumption by T.aestivum significantly.Supplemental irrigation decreased the consumption of soil water to some extent,whereas N-and P fertilization increased the soil water consumption significantly.Supplemental irrigation decreased the water use efficiency （WUE） by 0.2-2.3 kg·mm-1·hm-2,compared with rain-fed treatment,but the difference was not significant.Nitrogen-and P fertilization increased the WUE by 4.0-7.2 kg·mm-1·hm-2,being significantly higher than the control （CK）.The N uptake by T.aestivum increased significantly with increasing N application rate,and the increment was 26.9-33.4 kg N·hm-2 and 60.9-66 kg·hm-2 under low and high N application rates,respectively,compared with CK.Supplemental irrigation promoted the allocation of absorbed N in the aboveground parts of T.aestivum.Supplemental irrigation combined with high fertilization rates of N and P could obtain high yield and higher WUE.In the years with adequate soil moisture for sowing,the key factor affecting the grain yield,WUE,and N absorption of T.aestivum on loess tableland was the N fertilization rate.

关 键 词：补充灌溉 氮磷配施 产量 水分利用效率 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]