海冰爬坡和堆积行为的试验研究  

The experimental study on the sea-ice climbing slope and pile-up

作　　者：孔祥鹏[1] 董吉武[2] 李志军[2] 李广伟[2] 张丽敏[2] 张勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《海洋学报》2010年第3期162-166,共5页

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团公司青年创新基金资助项目(05E7005);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50439010)

摘　　要：对于浅海区采油平台等设施常采用斜坡式人工岛形式,虽然在一定程度上起到降低海冰对平台的作用,但是海冰沿着斜坡上爬至平台并形成堆积,同样也会对平台设施造成破坏,因此有必要对海冰堆积爬坡的关键参数进行研究。通过在冰排前进方向放置混凝土实体结构物模拟海冰堆积和爬坡过程,分析了模型冰爬坡和下滑角度、最大堆积高度等关键参数以及模型冰断裂长度的统计特性及其与变形模量的关系,试验结果表明水位越高,冰排越容易发生堆积爬坡。破碎的模型冰在结构物前堆积后,形成爬坡角和下滑角。爬坡角随着堆积体的增大而增大,下滑角则逐渐减小。堆积冰高度一定时,高度不再增加,在来冰方向会形成新的堆积。这种现象为浅海区海上结构物的防冰减灾提供了新思路。Sloping artificial islands are mostly applied to the oil platforms in shoal areas.It is the slopes that have an effect of ice-load reduction relative to vertical structures.However,ice damage will inevitably occur when the ice climbs up the slopes.It is necessary to study the main parameters of the sea-ice climbing slope and pile-up.Laboratory model tests are conducted to simulate the process of the sea-ice climbing slope and pile-up by laying a concrete structure in the ice movement direction.The climbing angle,the sliding angle,the break length of sea-ice sheets and the maximum height of climbing slope,and the correlation between the break length and the elastic modulus were discussed.The results indicate that the higher water level,the easier of the ice climbing slope and pile-up occurs.The climbing angle and the sliding angle form after the pile consists of broken ice pieces in front of the structure.With the increase of the pile height,the climbing angle changes from a lower level to an upper;the sliding angle is the opposite,from an upper level to a lower.When the pile height grows up to an appropriate height,the height cannot rise with the moving ice.Instead,a new pile on the sloping slope of the old pile appears which provides a new idea for ice-load reduction in shallow waters.

关 键 词：海冰 堆积 爬坡 断裂长度 堆积高度 

分 类 号：P731.15[天文地球—海洋科学]