旱地籽瓜全膜覆盖垄上沟播技术的降水利用效率  

Highly Efficient Water Use Mechanisms of Whole Plastic-film Mulching and Planting in Catchment Furrows on Ridges of Dry-land Seed-melon

作　　者：刘广才 杨祁峰 刘生学[2] 王彩斌[2] 林淑敏 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020 [2]会宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃会宁730700 [3]甘肃华园西甜瓜开发研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2010年第3期72-77,共6页Crops

基　　金：甘肃省农业科技成果转化资金项目(项目编号:5HS065-A91-001-08)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验研究了旱地籽瓜不同覆膜模式的水分利用效率。结果表明,与其他覆膜方式相比,秋季全膜覆盖垄上沟播和顶凌全膜覆盖垄上沟播栽培模式,能显著地增加播前和籽瓜生长前期土壤水分含量,解决了籽瓜因春旱无法播种、出苗的难题。籽瓜播前至伸蔓期,秋季全膜垄上沟播、顶凌全膜垄上沟播、播前全膜垄上沟播方式的0～20cm土壤含水量较对照播前半膜平铺分别提高4.1～5.4个百分点、3.1～4.4个百分点和0～2.5个百分点;1m土壤贮水量较播前半膜平铺分别增加40.0～50.8mm、30.2～40.1mm和0～22.4mm;能大幅度提高农田降水利用率和籽瓜水分利用效率,有效地解决了年降水150～300mm的干旱、半干旱偏旱区不铺砂种植籽瓜的问题。秋季全膜覆盖垄上沟播、顶凌全膜覆盖垄上沟播和播前全膜覆盖垄上沟播降水利用率分别较播前半膜平铺提高18.9个百分点、14.2个百分点和6.2个百分点,籽瓜水分利用效率分别较播前半膜平铺增加2.51kg/mm.hm2、1.66kg/mm.hm2和1.42kg/mm.hm2。全膜覆盖垄上沟播技术具有良好的经济效益。Field plot experiments were employed to investigate water use mechanisms of different film mulching modes of dry-land seed-melon.The results showed,compared with other mulching modes,that the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges,especially its autumn mulching and early spring mulching could increase soil water content of seed-melon significantly before sowing and early growth stage,which has solved the major problem that seed-melon could not be sowed and emerged because of spring drought.Compared with the half flat mulching before sowing （CK）,autumn whole mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges,early spring whole mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges and sowing whole mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges increased water content of 0-20cm soil layer by 4.1%-5.4%,3.1%-4.4% and 0-2.5% respectively,increased water storage of 1m soil layer by 40.0-50.8 mm,30.2-40.1 mm and 0-22.4mm respectively before seed-melon extending vine.The techniques,especially the autumn mulching and early spring mulching,increased field rainfall use rate and seed-melon water use efficiency remarkably.It has efficiently solved the problem of planting seed-melon without mulching sand in dry and semi-dry area of 150-300mm rainfall.Compared with the half flat mulching before sowing,the field rainfall use rates of autumn whole mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges,early spring whole mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges and sowing whole mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges increased 18.9%,14.2% and 6.2% respectively,the seed-melon water use efficiencies of them increased 2.51kg/mm·hm2,1.66kg/mm·hm2 and 1.42kg/mm·hm2,respectively.Compared with the techniques of whole flat mulching and the conventional half flat mulching,the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching and planting in catchment furrows on ridges had dramatically economic effects.

关 键 词：旱地 籽瓜 全膜覆盖 垄上沟播 降水高效利用 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]