美国住宅租赁法律制度研究--以承租人住宅权保障为例  

A Study on America's Residential Landlord and Tenant Law:The Protection of the Tenants' Housing Right

作　　者：包振宇[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]南京大学住宅政策与不动产研究中心 [3]扬州大学法学院

出　　处：《美国研究》2010年第2期55-72,共18页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：2008年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目课题“住宅保障制度研究”(批准文号:08SFB2048)资助

摘　　要：美国住宅租赁法律制度由判例法、各州和自治地方立法,以及联邦立法构成。从20世纪60、70年代以来的美国联邦与各州相关立法和法院判例来看,当代美国住宅租赁法越来越注重对承租人住宅权的保障。法律要求房东承担适住性担保义务和更多的侵权责任,限制房东终止租赁的权利,给承租人以正当理由驱逐的保护。一些地区还实施了不同程度的租金管制措施,从而保障了承租人拥有健康、安全、稳定且可负担的住所的权利。美国住宅租赁法律制度对承租人权利的保障不仅必要,也具有经济合理性与合宪性。American residential landlord and tenant legal system comprises common law, statutes of the states and federal statutes. By analyzing the statutes and cases since the 1960s and 1970s, this paper finds that in American law the tenants' housing needs other than the property or contract rights have drawn increasing attention. Laws provide that landlords are obliged to take on the implied warranty of habitability and more corresponding liabilities. Some statutes grant tenants the right to continue in possession unless the landlords have just causes to evict them. And many cities have adopted policies to regulate the rent as well as the conversion from rental housing to condominiums. These measures ensure that tenants can get healthy, sanitary, secure and affordable housing. The protection of the tenants' housing right is not only necessary, but also economically practical and goes in conformity with constitutional protection.

关 键 词：美国政治与法律住房制度住宅租赁法律制度住宅权 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.29