国外农业面源污染控制政策的研究进展及启示  

FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL POLICIES:A LITERATURE REVIEW

作　　者：程磊磊[1] 尹昌斌[2] 鲁明中[1] 米健[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2010年第3期76-80,共5页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目"农业清洁生产与农村废弃物循环利用集成配套技术体系研究与示范"(200903011);国家水专项洱海治理项目"大规模农村与农田面源污染的区域性综合防治技术与规模化示范"(2008ZX07105-002)

摘　　要：我国水污染严重,富营养化问题突出,农业面源污染已成为水体富营养化的主要原因。该文对国外农业面源污染控制政策领域中的主要研究进行了疏理,简要回顾与评论了基于投入的政策和基于水质的政策,认为农业面源污染排放的分散性和随机性决定了其控制政策不能以排放量为设计基础。由于设计与执行政策的信息成本过高,基于水质的政策只停留在理论研究层面。基于投入的政策具有更强的现实可行性。The problem of water pollution,especially water eutrophication,is very serious in China.Agricultural nonpoint pollution has been the main contributor to the water eutrophication.This paper conducted a literature review on foreign agricultural nonpoint pollution control policies,and briefly reviewed and commented on the input-based policies and policies based on water quality.Agricultural non-point pollution control policies can not be based on emission rate,because the emission rates of agricultural pollutants were usually diffuse and stochastic,on which traditional point source pollution control policies often based.The policies based on water quality were only stayed in the theoretic field due to their high information requirements,however that input-based policies were more feasible.

关 键 词：国外农业 面源污染 污染控制政策 研究进展 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]