中国听力残疾致残原因分析  

The etiologies of hearing disorders in the Chinese population

作　　者：张晓东[1] 于丽玫[2] 孙喜斌[2] 张彩萍[1] 曲成毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,太原030001 [2]中国聋儿康复研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2010年第3期23-26,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：基金项目国家社会科学基金重大项目资助（项目编号：09＆ZD072）“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目课题《聋儿认知规律与康复技术规范化研究》（课题编号：2008BAI50801）

摘　　要：目的 了解听力残疾的致残原因,为制定听力残疾的防治策略提供可靠的依据.方法 采用统计描述、统计推断等方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据库中听力残疾数据进行分析.结果 听力残疾的主要致残原因是老年性耳聋、原因不明性耳聋和中耳炎.听力残疾的致残因素在不同年龄段和城乡之间存在差别.0～6岁组听力残疾的主要致残因素为不明原因、遗传及母孕期病毒感染;15～59岁组听力残疾的主要致残因素是中耳炎、耳毒性药物;60岁以上老年人听力残疾的主要致残因素为老年性耳聋、中耳炎和全身性疾病.城乡差异中,老年性耳聋、原因不明性耳聋、中耳炎等导致的听力残疾农村高于城市（P＜ 0.05）;全身性疾病、药物中毒、噪声和暴震导致的听力残疾城市高于农村（P＜0.05）.在听力残疾发病各因素中,母孕期病毒感染、遗传因素等导致的听力残疾以一级和二级居多;老年性聋、中耳炎等导致的听力残疾以三、四级居多.结论 普及爱耳护耳知识、提高全民听力健康意识、预防老年性聋、防治全身性疾病是预防听力残疾的重要措施,同时要加强对耳毒性药物生产、销售和使用的监管,开展遗传咨询等.Objective To investigate the etiologies of hearing disorders in the Chinese population and to provide evidences for the development of related prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The statistical description and inference were used to analyze the data of the Second China National Sample Survey on Hearing Disability. Results The study showed that the main causes of hearing disability were presbycusis, unknown reasons and otitis media. The main causes for the 0-6-year-old group were unknown reasons, heredity and virus infections during pregnancy, for 15-59 group otitis media and ototoxicity and for 60 year and older group presbycusis, otitis media and systematic diseases. There were significant differences in the etiology between urban and rural areas. More people were hearing-impaired induced by presbycusis, unknown reasons and otitis media （P〈0.05）, but less were induced by systematic diseases, ototoxic medications and noise in countries than in cities （P〈0.05）. The hearing loss induced by virus infection during pregnancy and heredity was mainly Grade I and II hearing loss, but that induced by presbycusis and otitis media was mainly Grade III and IV. Conclusion In order to prevent the hearing loss, it is important to spread the knowledge about ear care, raise the public awareness of hearing health, prevent the presbycusis and systematic diseases. Moreover, the government is supposed to strengthen the management of production, selling and use of ototoxic drugs and provide the genetic counseling services.

关 键 词：听力残疾 危险因素 病因 

分 类 号：R764.5[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]