确定民事证明标准的一般法理——基于当事人诉讼平等的思考  

The Ratio Juris of the Confirmation of Civil Proof Standards——Some Reflections Based on the Equality of Litigation Parties

作　　者：杜睿哲[1] 张芸[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学政法学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2010年第4期127-132,共6页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省高校研究生导师项目"和谐社会视野下民事诉讼机制创新研究"阶段性成果

摘　　要：在对抗制诉讼机制下,由一个中立的裁判者做出裁决时,证明责任及证明标准对诉讼结果将产生关键性影响。当事人诉讼平等是对抗制诉讼机制实现司法公正的理论前提,也应成为确定民事证明标准的法理基础。当事人诉讼能力平等是确定证明标准的前提,风险平等是确定证明标准的底线。合理的证明标准应使诉讼风险、错误裁判几率、错误裁判的潜在损失及成本在当事人之间平等分配。一般而言,低要求的证明标准较高要求的证明标准更有利于实现当事人诉讼平等。When a decision is made by a neutral judge,the burden of proof and standard of proof would have a crucial impact on the outcome of the proceedings in the litigation mechanism of adversary system.The equality of litigation parties is theoretical premise of litigation mechanism of adversary system,and it should be the ratio juris basis of civil proof standards.Equal litigation ability of parties is the premise of the confirmation of civil proof standards,and equality of risk is the bottom line of its confirmation.By reasonable standards of proof,it is necessary to make an equal distribution between the parties on litigation risk,ratio of erroneous review,potential losses and cost of erroneous review.Generally,low demand of proof standards is more conducive to achieve the equality of litigation parties than a relatively high demand of proof standard.

关 键 词：对抗制 证明标准 风险平等 一般法理 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]