梨矮化砧对早金香矮化性及叶片矿质元素含量影响  

Effect of Pear Dwarf Stocks on Dwarfing Potentials of Grafted Zaojinxiang and the Content of Mineral Elements in Leaves

作　　者：姜淑苓[1,2] 陈长兰[3] 欧春青[1,2] 王斐[1,2] 王西成[1,4] 贾敬贤[2] 马力[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部果树种质资源利用重点开放实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [2]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [3]辽宁大学药学院,沈阳110036 [4]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2010年第6期1084-1087,共4页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2008BAD92B07);国家"863"课题(2006BAD13B06-1);国家科技成果转化课题(2007GB23260389);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项

摘　　要：【目的】以3种矮化砧木做中间砧嫁接早金香梨,进行矮砧嫁接树矮化效应及叶片矿质元素含量研究。【方法】根据公式计算致矮系数;分别采用凯氏法、钒钼黄比色法和火焰光度法测定N、P、K含量,Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量的测定采用原子吸收光度法。【结果】(1)3个矮化砧木对早金香梨嫁接树均有显著的致矮作用,致矮效果由大到小依次为:中矮2号>82-5>中矮1号;(2)早金香梨嫁接树叶片中,被测矿质元素均与对照有极显著差异,其中,中矮1号、82-5做矮化砧的嫁接树叶片中,N、Ca、Mg、Fe含量均表现升高的趋势,Fe分别升高了66.5%和53.6%;而中矮2号做矮化砧的嫁接树叶片中,所测定的矿质元素的含量均有不同程度的下降,其中K和Ca的降低程度均超过了10%。【结论】中矮2号为矮化砧木类型,82-5、中矮1号为半矮化砧木类型;中矮1号、82-5矮化中间砧能促进嫁接树对矿质元素的吸收,尤其是对Fe的吸收,而中矮2号矮化中间砧作用相反,需增施肥加以改善。[Objective]Zaojinxiang pears which were grafted on three dwarf interstocks were researched on the dwarfing effect and the content of the mineral elements in leaves. [ Method] The coefficient caused by dwarf was calculated according to formula. The content of N, P and K were measured by Kjeldahl Method, Vanadium Molybdate Yellow Colorimetric Method and Flame Photometry respectively. The content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. [ Result ] All three dwarf interstocks have significant dwarfing effect on Zaojinxiang grafted trees, and the sequence is Zhong＇ ai 2 〉 82 - 5 〉 Zhong＇ ai 1. The content of mineral elements in the leaves of grafted Zaojinxiang is significantly different from the control. The content of N, Ca, Mg and Fe in the leaves grafted by Zhong＇ ai 1 and 82 - 5 all showed an increasing trend, and the content of Fe increased by 66.5% and 53.6% respectively. The content of mineral elements in leaves grafted by Zhong＇ ai 2 all decreased in some degre, e and the content of K and Ca both decreased more than 10 %. [ Conclusion] Zhong＇ ai 2 is the type of dwarf stock, 82 - 5 and Zhong＇ ai 1 are the types of semi - dwarf stock. As the dwarf interstock, 82 -5 and Zhong＇ai 1 can promote the grafting trees to absorb the mineral elements, especially for Fe. But Zhong＇ ai 2 has the contrary function, which need to increase fertilization to be improved.

关 键 词：梨 矮化砧木 矮化效应 叶片矿质元素 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]