有限灌溉对荒漠绿洲春玉米产量及产量性状的影响  

Effect of Limited Irrigation on Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits of Spring Maize in Desert Oasis

作　　者：张恒嘉[1,2] 赵文智[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院农业水利工程系,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所临泽内陆河流域综合研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第4期891-895,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40801044);甘肃省高等学校研究生导师科研计划项目(0602-05)资助

摘　　要：对干旱环境下临泽荒漠绿洲春玉米进行了有限灌溉试验研究,旨在探究有限灌溉对绿洲玉米农田生产力的影响。结果表明,在所有处理中,全生育期灌水最少的处理MI1玉米籽粒产量比灌水量略高于它的处理MI2和灌水量较高的处理MI4增产25.7%和38.8%,但MI1与其他处理及对照间差异不显著。MI1处理全生育期灌水量最少,其产量不但未显著下降,反而高于灌水最多的对照CK。不同灌溉处理及对照间玉米穗粗、秃顶长、穗行数均不存在显著差异,但个别处理及对照间其他产量性状却存在差异,其中对照CK、处理MI5、MI1的穗长分别比处理MI4增加15.3%、13.6%和12.4%,对照CK和处理MI1、MI5的行粒数分别比MI4处理增加17.3%、13.9%和12.2%,对照CK的穗粒数分别比处理MI4、MI2和MI3增加19.3%、19.1%和14.5%,处理MI1的千粒重分别比MI4、MI5、CK增加26.9%、14.0%和14.0%。Experimental study was conducted in arid environment of Linze desert oasis to evaluate the effect of limited irrigation on maize yield. There are six limited irrigation treatments （including CK） with different irrigation quota （MI1 ： 618 mm, MI2 ： 666 mm, MI3 ： 642 mm, MI4 ： 717 mm, and MI5： 777 mm; CK： 897 mm） in the whole growing season of maize; each treatment distributes different irrigation water amount in growing stages. The result indicated that the highest grain yield was obtained in MI1 with the least growing season irrigation, and its grain yield was more higher than MI2 and ML by 25.7 % and 38.8 % respectively, in spite of slightly more irrigation of MI2and much more irrigation of MI4. The irrigation amount of MI1 was the least but its yield was higher than CK with the most amount of irrigation. However, no significant difference was found among MI1 and other treatments and the check （CK）. For the spike girth, bald tip length, and spike rows of maize, no significant difference was found among all the treatments and CK, but for the other yield traits, significant differences were found among some treatments and CK. The spike length was increased by 15.3%, 13.6% and 12.4% in CK, MI5 and MI1 than in MI4. The row grain number was increased by 17.3%, 13.9% and 12.2% in CK, MI1 and MIs than in MI4. The spike grain number in CK was increased by 19.3%, 19.1%and 14.5% than in MI4, MI2 and MI3. The thousand grain weight in MI1 was increased by 26.9%, 14.0% and 14.0% than in MI4, MI5 and CK.

关 键 词：籽粒产量 产量性状 有限灌溉 荒漠绿洲 春玉米 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]