中国50a来沙尘暴变化特征  

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Sand-dust Storms in China During 1958—2007

作　　者：王存忠[1,2] 牛生杰[1] 王兰宁[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,江苏南京210044 [2]气象出版社,北京100081 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第4期933-939,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40705005;40765001);"973"项目(2006CB403706)共同资助

摘　　要：基于"中国强沙尘暴序列及其支撑数据集",对中国50a(1958—2007年)来沙尘暴时间和区域变化进行分析,揭示了中国沙尘暴时间和区域变化特征。结果表明,中国沙尘暴站时变化总体呈明显振动减少趋势,经历了两次迅速减少、两次大幅震动和两次和缓减少6个时期,每个时期约为8a,1983—2007年平均值比1958—1982年平均值减少58.4%。沙尘暴的站次平均持续时间年际变化不大,季节变化相差1倍以上,频发日期有延迟趋势,后25a比前25a平均延迟了7d左右。沙尘暴的区域分布呈现两多、两少和两个中心的分布特征,时间变化特征区域表现差异大,新疆南部和内蒙古中西部两个频发中心春季的沙尘暴强度和范围呈相反顺序演变,新疆沙尘暴6月频发。在总体站时减少的情况下,浑善达克沙地西北部和柴达木盆地西北部地区却有增加趋势。沙尘暴终止的年份线向北推移明显,在90°E以东的地区北移,最为明显的华北地区北移大约5个纬度,其范围的缩小和频次的减少共同决定了总体站时减少。Based on The Time Series of Strong Sand-Dust Storm in China and the Supporting Dataset, the temporal and spatial change of sand-dust storms in China during 1958--2007 was analyzed. The results showed that the variation of the station-hours of sand-dust storms in China presented a decreasing tendency and experienced two periods of rapid decease, two periods of significant oscillation and two periods of slow decease, and each period was about 8 years long. The mean value of station-hours during 1983--2007 was 58. 4% less than that during 1958--1982. The inter-annual variation of the average time of sand-dust storms was not obvious, while the average time of sand-dust storms had a double seasonal discrepancy. The frequently occurring time during 1983--2007 had delayed about 7 days compared with that during 1958--1982. The sand-dust storms occurring in north china was more than that in south China, and the sand-dust storms occurring in west china was more than that in east China, and Alxa and southern Tarim Basin were two frequently occurring centers. The temporal patterns of sand-dust storms were significantly different for different regions. There was an increasing tendency in the northwest part of Otindag Sandy Land and the northwest part of Qaidam Basin despite the decreasing tendency nationwide. The isoline of sand dust-storm end- ing year moved northwards significantly and the distribution area had reduced.

关 键 词：沙尘暴 变化特征 空间分布 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]